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Archive-name: feminism/refs1 Version: 2.3 Last-modified: 15 February 1993 This posting contains useful feminist references for the newsgroup soc.feminism. Copies of this FAQ may be obtained by anonymous ftp to rtfm.mit.edu under /pub/usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs1. Or, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs1 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs2 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs3 in the body of the message, leaving the subject line empty. Summary of changes: Marked with |'s at beginning of lines. TABLE OF CONTENTS Prologue. 1. Academia and Sciences. 2. Families and Work. 3. Feminism and Psychology. (incl. sexualization, socialization, gender roles). 4. Education. 5. Feminist Theory and Overviews. 6. Folklore. 7. Gendered Communication and Language. 8. Gender Differences. [9-16 continued in part II, 17-24 continued in part III] Prologue. --------- This post contains commonly cited and/or useful references on various topics that come up in this newsgroup. Because of the nature of these discussions, it is helpful if you are familiar with at least some of the materials listed under the topic. This is NOT a "You Must Read Every Book On This List Before Participating In Soc.feminism" mandate, but be aware that some familiarity with books on a particular topic makes the ensuing discussion less frustrating for our regular readers who have seen many similar discussions before. ********************************************************************** ** In particular, if you have a question along the lines of "What ** ** can you tell me about <topic>?" you would do better to check the ** ** sources listed here first before trying to garner explanations ** ** over the newsgroup. ** ********************************************************************** This list is undergoing continual modification and I welcome additional references for inclusion. In particular, I would like a wide variety of feminist opinion on each topic. I would also like your input on what "must reads" should be included under particular topics. Most of these books focus on feminism in the US; I would love more references to Canadian, British, European, Asian, African and Latin American feminism. If you have any corrections to point out, by all means, let me know if I've misspelled names or misattributed works. References marked with an asterisk are incomplete entries that I was unable to verify in the on-line catalogue. In most cases, I think these are references to articles in magazines or books. Any help with these would be appreciated. Disclaimer: The presence of any particular book in here does not necessarily reflect my views. There are often short blurbs contributed by many people along with the references; no guarantee is made as to their accuracy. If you wish to comment on any entry in here, please feel free to do so. I hope you are inspired to pick up any of these works and start reading! 1. Academia and Sciences. -------------------------- 1989 National Survey of Women Engineers, The Cooper Union. Available on request from the Albert Nerken School of Engineering, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003. *See New Scientist, P. 8, 9/26/92, volume 135 for story on fighting sexism in astronomy. "Survey of Graduate Students", Presidential Committee on Women Students Interests, Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1987. "A Celebration of Women in Science," _Discover_, December 1991. Contains eleven profiles of successful women in a wide range of fields including Donna Cox in computer graphics. This is a great thing for us to read, to get young women and girls to read or to give as a gift to anyone you'd like to know about what women are doing. "Still a 'Chilly Climate' for Women?" _Science_, pp 1604-1606. June 21, 1991. Discusses the situation for women in physics and astronomy. It includes some pipeline statistics and results of a survey on the kinds of discrimination women perceive and men notice. Summary: blatant discrimination isn't so much a problem as a "pattern of micro-inequalities". _Notices of the American Mathematical Society_. No. 7, Sept. 1991. A special issue on women in mathematics. A variety of issues are covered. "Women and Computing", _Communications of the ACM_, ( Nov. 1990 vol. 33, no. 11.). "Women in Science and Engineering", Sept-Oct 1991 issue of the "American Scientist" (published by the Sigma Xi Scientific Society) (pp. 404-419). Abramson, Joan. _Discrimination in the Academic Profession_. Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco. 1975. Aisenberg, Nadya and Mona Harrington. _Women in Academe: Outsiders in the Sacred Grove_. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst. 1988. Baum, Eleanor, "Recruiting and Graduating Women: The Underrepresented Student", IEEE Communications Magazine, December 1990, 47-50. Bernstein, D, "Comfort and experience with computing: are they the same for men and women?", SIGCSE, 23(3), 1990. Bernstein, D, "Understanding spreadsheets: Effects of computer training on mental model acquisition", _Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science Conference_, 164-172, 1990. Betz, Nancy E, "What stops women and minorities from choosing and completing majors in science and engineering", edited transcript of a Science and Public Policy Seminar given on June 15, 1990. Copies can be obtained from the Federation of Behavioral, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 1200 Seventeenth St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. (202) 955-7758, fax no: (202) 955-7608, bitnet address: fed@gwuvm. Bruer, John T., Jonathan R. Cole, and Harriet Zuckermann. _The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community_. W. W. Norton & Co, New York. 1991, 351 pp. Presents the status of women in science today, as well as the reasons for this standing. Brush, Stephen G. "Women in Science and Engineering", _American Scientist_ 79, (Sep-Oct).404-419, 1991. This is an ambitious article. In about 12 pages (not including the list of 102 references), Stephen Brush discusses factors relevant to young girls through senior professionals, across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Butcher, D. and W. Muth. "Predicting performance in an introductory computer science course", _Communications of the ACM_, 27(11), 263- 268, 1985. Campbell, P. and G. McCabe. "Predicting the success of freshmen in a computer science major", _Communications of the ACM_, 27(11), 1108- 1113, 1984. Casserly, Patricia Lund. "Helping Able Young Women Take Math and Science Seriously in School", The College Board, New York. 1979. Reprinted, with revisions, from Colangelo Zaffrann, ed., _New Voices in Counseling the Gifted_. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 1979. Dambrot, F., M. Watkins-Malek, S. Silling, R. Marshall, and J. Garver. "Correlates of sex differences in attitudes toward and involvement with computers", _Journal of Vocational Behavior_, 27, 71-86, 1985. Dijkstra, E. "On the cruelty of really teaching computer science", _Communications of the ACM_, 32(12), 1397-1414, 1989. Erkut, Sumru. "Exploring Sex Differences in Expectancy, Attribution, and Academic Achievement", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 9 (1983) 217-231. Ernest, John. "Mathematics and Sex", _The American Mathematics Monthly_, October 1976, 83:595-615. Ferry, Georgina and Jane Moore. "True Confessions of Women in Science", _New Scientist_ 95 (July 1, 1982), 27-30. Fidell, L. S. "Empirical Verification of Sex Discrimination in Hiring Practices in Psychology", in R. K. Unger and F. L. Denmark, eds., _Women: Dependent or Independent Variable_ Psychological Dimensions, New York. 1975. Franklin, Phyllis, et al. "Sexual and Gender Harassment in the Academy: A Guide for Faculty, Students and Administrators", Commission on the Status of Women in the Profession, The Modern Language Association of America, New York, NY. 1981. Frenkel, Karen A. "Women and Computing", _Communications of the ACM_, November 1990, 34-46. Gerver, E. "Computers and Gender". In Forester, Tom, ed. _Computers in the Human Context_. pp481-501. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1989. Gilbert, Lucia A., June M. Gallessich, and Sherri L. Evans. "Sex of Faculty Role Model and Students' Self-Perceptions of Competency", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 9 (1983) 597-607. Gornick, Vivian. _Women in Science: 100 Journeys into the Territory_, Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, New York. 1990. Grinstein, Louise S. and Paul J. Campbell, eds. _Women in Mathematics. A Bibliographic Sourcebook_. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut. 1987. Describes ~50 women who were prominent in mathematics. Computer science is considered part of math since Grace Hopper and Ada Lovelace are included. The editors wanted to give a historical perspective of women's role in mathematics so they have only considered women born before 1930. Gries, David, and Dorothy Marsh. "The 1989-90 Taulbee Survey", _Communications of the ACM_, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1992. A survey of professors across the nation. Statistics. In particular, addresses what the survey tells us about women in academia. Gries, David and Dorothy Marsh. "CS Produced 734 Ph.D.s in 1989-90; CE Adds 173 for a Total of 907", _Computing Research News_, January 1991, 6-10. Gross, Jane. "Female Surgeon's Quitting Touches Nerves at Medical School", The New York Times, July 14, 1991, page 10. Hacker, Sally L. _Doing it the hard way_. Unwin Jyman, Boston. 1990. Hacker, Sally L. _Pleasure, power and technology_. Unwin Hyman, Boston. 1989. Hacker, Sally L., "Mathematization of Engineering: Limits on Women and the Field", in Joan Rothschild, ed., _Machina ex Dea: Feminist Perspectives on Technology_. Pergamon Press, New York. 1983. pages 38- 58. Hess, Robert D. and Irene T. Miura. "Gender Differences in Enrollment in Computer Camps and Classes", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 13 (1985) 193-203. Hill, T., N. Smith, and M. Mann. "Role of efficacy expectations in predicting the decision to use advanced technologies: The case of computers", _Journal of Applied Psychology_, 72, 307-313, 1987. Holland, Dorothy C. and Margaret A. Eisenhart. _Educated in Romance: Woman, Achievement, and College Culture_. The University of Chicago Press. 1990. Homans, Hilary. "Man-made Myths: The Reality of Being a Woman Scientist in the NHS", in Spencer, Anne and David Podmore, eds, _In a Man's World: Essays on Women in Male dominated Professions_. Tavistock Publications, London and New York. 1987. Jacobus, Mary, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally Shuttleworth, eds. _Body Politics: Women And The Discourses Of Science_. Routledge, NY, 1990. Kass-Simon, G. and P. Farnes, eds. _Women of Science. Righting the Record_. Indiana University Press. 1990. Reviewed in the March issue of IEEE Spectrum. A collection of 10 articles about women who have made important contributions to science and technology. Unclear that a computer scientist is included. Women mentioned in the review are Bertha Lamme, Edith Clarke, Jenny Rosenthal, Mildred Dresselhaus, Lillian Gilbreth, Marie Curie and Irene Curie. An encouraging aspect of these women's lives is that many of them were married and had families. Also includes a discussion of the differences in how men's and women's work are remembered. Keith, Sandra Z. and Philip Keith, eds. _Proceedings of the National Conference on Women in Mathematics and the Sciences_. St. Cloud, MN: St. Cloud University, 1990. Keller, Evelyn Fox. _Reflections on Gender and Science_. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1985. Examines how images of sex and gender have influenced the philosophy of knowledge and the progress of science, going back to Plato's "Symposium". Kelly, Alison, "Why Girls Don't Do Science", _New Scientist_, May 20, 1982. On women's lack of participation on science. "Teachers put extra effort into teaching boys to read to make up for any deficiency, whether its origin is biological or social. The same could be done to boost the spatial ability of girls if the problems were considered equally serious." (pg 497). Kelly, Alison, ed. _Science for Girls?_. Open University Press, London and Philadelphia. 1987. ISBN 0-355-10294-8. Kerr, Barbara A., Ph.D. _Smart Girls, Gifted Women_. Ohio Psychology Press. ISBN 0-910707-07-3 (paperback, $13.95). Why is it that so many gifted & talented girls STILL aren't realizing their ful l potential, despite the Women's Movement? More to the point, what exactly is it that a gifted girl needs but society or individual circumstances may fail to provide? The answers may surprise you. (I'm not just saying that to be arch; I really WAS surprised at some of them.) Kiesler, Sara, Lee Sproull, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. "Pool Halls, Chips, and War Games: Women in the Culture of Computing", _Psychology of Women Quarterly_, 9 (1985) 451-462. Koblitz, Neal, "Are Student Ratings Unfair to Women?", _Newsletter of the Association for Women in Mathematics_, September-October 1990. Kramer, Pamela E. and Sheila Lehman. "Mismeasuring Women: A Critique of Research on Computer Ability and Avoidance", _Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society_ 16 (1990) 158-172. *Leveson, Nancy, "Women in Computer Science: A Report of the NSF CISE Cross-Disciplinary Activities Advisory Committee" Lockheed, Marlaine E. "Women, Girls, and Computers: A First Look at the Evidence", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 13 (1985) 115-122. Martin, Dianne, ed. "In Search of Gender-Free Paradigms for Computer Science", NECC, Eugene, OR., 1991. Ogozalek, Virginia Z. "A Comparison of Male and Female Computer Science Students' Attitudes Toward Computers", SIGCSE Bulletin, June 1989, volume 21, number 2, 8-14. Pearl, Amy, Martha E. Pollack, Eve Riskin, Becky Thomas, Elizabeth Wolf, and Alice Wu. "Becoming a Computer Scientist", _Communications of the ACM_, November 1990, 47-57. *Perry, Ruth and Lisa Greber. "Women and Computers: An Introduction" Pryor, Sally. "Thinking of Oneself as a Computer", _Leonardo_, Vol. 24, Issue 5 (1991). A very interesting and provocative article about the basic conflict between our gender-identity as women and our professional identity as computer professionals. Rossner, S. _Teaching science and health from a feminist perspective: A practical guide_, Elmsfor, N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1986. Rothschild, Joan. _Machina Ex Dea: Feminist Perspectives on Technology_. Pergamon Press. 1983. Rothschild, Joan. _Teaching Technology From a Feminist Perspective: A Practical Guide_. Pergamon Press, New York. 1988. Sanders, Jo Shuchat and Antonia Stone (for the Women's Action Alliance). _The Neuter Computer_. Neal-Schuman Publishers, New York. 1986. ISBN. 1-555-70006-3 (paper). Spertus, Ellen. _Why Are There So Few Female Computer Scientists?_, (1991). An in-depth examination of the many reasons there is a dearth of women in computer science. Available via ftp from ftp.ai.mit.edu under pub/users/ellens/womcs*.ps in postscript format. For information on receiving the bound version of the report (which is $8 + shipping costs), contact publications@ai.mit.edu with your mailing address (to compute shipping costs) and a request for AI TR 1315. A very useful, annotated bibliography as well. Tidwell, Jenifer, "Hackers in the Garden: A Case Study of Women in Computer Engineering", unpublished, 1990. Tijdens, K., M. Jennings, I. Wagner, & M. Weggelaar, "Women, Work, and Computerization: Forming New Alliances", Amsterdam: North- Holland, 1989. Tobias, Sheila. "They're Not Dumb, They're Different. Stalking the Second Tier." Can be purchased from Science News Books, 1719 N St., NW, Washington, DC 20036. The first copy is $2 and additional copies are $.50 each. Turkle, Sherry and Seymour Papert, "Epistemological Pluralism: Styles and Voices within the Computer Culture", Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 16 (1990), 128-157. Turkle, Sherry, "The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit", New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984. Van Nostrand, Catharine Herr, "Gender-Responsible Leadership: Do Your Teaching Methods Empower Women?", pages 186-191 Sage Publications, Inc., in Spring 1991. Direct inquiries, with a SASE, to the author at: 36854 Winnebago Road, St. Cloud, MN 56303. Widnall, Sheila E. "AAAS Presidential Lecture: Voices from the Pipeline", _Science_ 241 (September 30, 1988), 1740-1745. *Widnall, Sheila, "Voices from the Pipeline" Wilson, Meg, ed. _OPTIONS for Girls. A Door to the Future_. Foundation for Women's Resources. The Anthology has been developed over the past 6 years. The best 1000 articles, books and studies [from an earlier project] were reviewed and pared down to a readable set of articles that described the problem of why girls don't take more science and math AND that describe strategies to overcome this problem. Between citations within articles and the supplemental reading list the anthology also presents a substantial bibliography. The target audience includes parents, teachers, school board members, community leaders and girls themselves. The anthology is $22 (includes shipping and handling, no tax assessed). Write to: Pro-Ed, 8700 Shoal Creek Blvd, Austin, TX 78758, attn. Linda Brown. Discounts available for large orders. Wolpert, Lewis and Alison Richards. _A Passion for Science_. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1988. Zappert, Laraine T. and Kendyll Stansbury, "A Comparative Analysis of Men and Women in Graduate Programs in Science, Engineering and Medicine at Stanford University", Working Papers, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Stanford University, 1985. Single copies are available at no cost from the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Stanford, University (415-723-1994). 2. Families and Work. ---------------------- Alcott, Louisa May. _Working_. Schocken Books. 1977. ISBN 0-8052-0563-2. Beneria, Lourdes and Catharine R. Stimpson, eds. _Women, Households and the Economy_. Series: The Douglass series on Women's Lives and the Meaning of Gender. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. 1987. Collection describing interrelationship between family and work, patriarchy and capitalism. Also often used as a text. Campbell, Bebe Moore. _Successful Women, Angry Men: backlash in the two-career marriage_ Random House, 1986. ISBN: 0-394-55149-4. It's less academic than _The Second Shift_, but gains a sense of immediacy Hochschild lacks. _SW, AM_ discusses how the realities of marriage have changed (mostly talking about the upper middle class) and how the expectations and social and technical education of both genders has failed to keep up. Cockburn, Cynthia. _Machinery of Dominance. Women, Men, and Technical Know-How_. Pluto Press, London and Dover, NH. 1985. Northeastern University Press, Bostion. 1988. A discussion of job segregation in the workplace and its relationship to gendered assumptions, patriarchy, and technology. Fassel, Diane. _Working Ourselves to Death: The High Cost of Workaholism, the Rewards of Recovery_. Harper, San Francisco. 1990. Dedication: "This book is for all those who struggle with the insidious killer disease called workaholism. It is for those who know that facing the reality of work addiction is to meet the wrath of society. It is for all who long for life-giving workplaces and a saner society." Sample chapters. -- Workaholism. Reality & Myths -- Women & Workaholism -- The Workaholic Organization -- Why Are We Doing This to Ourselves? Hertz, Rosanna. _More Equal Than Others: Women and Men in Dual-Career Marriages_. University of California Press. 1986. 0-520-05804-6. Blurb: "...offers a provocative glimpse of changing marital styles among young corporate couples. Frofessor Hertz describes with perception and wit the negotiations and ad hoc accommodations entailed as dual-career families succumb to the seduction of success. This book will surely give pause to those who believe that ideological commitments to gender equality will stimulate or sustain marriage and childrearing patterns in the post-feminist era. Rather, one detects the awesome power of corporations to shape the private lives of even the most privileged employees." Hochschild, Arlie and Anne Machung. _The Second Shift_. Viking Press. 1989. A well-reasearched look at the two-pay-check marriage, sheds a great deal of light on why so many men are still unwilling to share the housework and childcare. |Jeffreys, S., ed. _The Sexuality Debate_. | A collection of the major articles that fueled the feminist | campaigns and helped bringh about significant reforms in the area | of secual abuse of women and domestic violence. [British] Lang, Susan S. _Women without Children: The Reasons, the Rewards, the Regrets_. Pharos Books. 1991. ISBN 0-89687-532-3. Lang examines the issue of childlessness through a series of interviews as well as citations from the social science literature. She presents various reasons women don't have children, then cites the statistics on the financial and personal strains on a couple having children, the disproportionate amount of work women do for their kids, the freedom childfree living can bring, the fact that a majority of mothers are ambivalent about motherhood. She tries to debunk stereotypes of childless women as selfish, lonlier in their old age, less well off financially, etc. While many of the older women she interviewed said they went through a difficult period when they realized they would remain childless, they all seemed to adapt well and go on to find other sources of satisfaction in their lives. Milwid, Beth. _What You Get When You Go For It_. Dodd, Mead, New York. 1987. Women in the professions (USA). Milwid, Beth. _Working with Men: Professional Women Talk about Power, Sexuality and Ethics_. Revised edition. Beyond Words, Hillsboro, OR. 1990. Okin, Susan Moller. _Justice, Gender, and the Family_. BasicBooks, Harper Collins, Publishers. 1989. ISBN: 0-465-03703-8. Feminist critique of modern political theory that shows why and how, in order to include all of us, theories of justice need to apply their standards to the family itself. Fascinating reading. Contains an interesting demolition of libertarian philosophy. |Paul, Ellen Frankel. _Equity and Gender: the Comparable Worth |Debate_. 1990. | Begins by explaining how comparable worth -- or pay equity | imposed by law -- is a full frontal assault on the free market by | those who scoff at the market's ability to provide justice, and | argues that the free market, not the state, is the better ally of | feminism. Ruggie, Mary, _The State and Working Women: A Comparative Study of Britain and Sweden_. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1984. Sayers, Dorothy L. _Are Women Human?_. Reprint. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids. 1971. This may be the actual reference for the next entry, which I couldn't find. *Sayers, Dorothy L. _Not Quite Human_. This does a very good job of showing what it would be like for men to be judged on the basis of their gender the way that women are. Although it was written a long time ago, it is unfortunately still quite relevant. Schenkel, Susan, "Giving Away Success: Why Women Get Stuck and What to Do About It" Stephenson, June. _The Two-Parent Family Is Not The Best_. The book is a fairly academic report on a survey of adults who were raised in a variety of circumstances: by biological parents, single parents and biological/step parents. It evaluates both their perceptions of their happiness as children and a more objective evaluation of their current status as happy, well-adjusted adults. It presents extensive statistical reporting and analysis of the results of the survey. Some interesting points: Children in a two-parent family were more likely to have a parent who used alcohol excessively (with implied negative effects) and who abused them physically or sexually. "Negative impact on children's self-esteem was affected by parents not spending much time with their children, and greatly affected by persistent family discord." It appears that a child is better off with a single, interested parent than with one interested and one disinterested parent. "There are also indications that children growing up in two parent families where the mother does not work outside the home, may develop excessive dependency." "A family with a father and a mother who does not work outside the home represents only 8% of the families today." Stromberg and Harkess, eds. _Women Working: Theories and Facts in Perspective_. Mayfield Publications, Palo Alto, CA. 1978. Commonly used text in sociology of women and work classes. Discusses women and work across life course and by race and ethnicity and class, and proposals for change. Ward, Kathryn. _Women Workers and Global Restructuring_. ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 1990. Impact of multi-national corporate structure on women in developing countries. Weitzman, Lenore. _The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America_. The Free Press/Mac Millian, 1985. Author is currently a member of the faculty at Harvard. Includes statistics on differences in standards of living after divorce (73% decline for women, 42% rise for men). Well documented and contains sociologically sound analysis. Williams, Christine L.. _Gender Differences at Work (Women and Men in Nontraditional Occupations)_ (University of California Press, 1989. ISBN 0-520-07425-4). A lucid discussion of occupational sex-segregation. 3. Feminism and Psychology. ---------------------------- Benhabib, Seyla. "The Generalized and Concrete Other: The Kohlberg-Gilligan Controversy and Moral Theory" in Kittay, Eva Feder; Meyers, Diana T., _Women and Moral Theory_, Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa, NJ, 1987. Seyla Benhabib suggests that a functioning ethical system needs to recognize both the concrete and the generalized other in order to function. She uses the Kohlberg-Gilligan controversy as a reference in the discussion. Cancian, Francesca M. _Love in America: Gender and Self-Development_. Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN: 0-521-39691-3 (trade paperback). Blurb: "In the last 25 years, Americans have gained considerable freedom in their personal lives. Relationships are now more flexible, and self-development has become a primary goal for both men and women. Most scholars have criticized this trend to greater freedom, arguing that it undermines family bonds and promotes selfishness and extreme independence...she [instead] shows that many American couples succeed in combining self-development with commitment, and that interdependence, not independence, is their ideal. In interdependent relationships, love and self-development do not conflict but reinforce each other." Chodorow, Nancy. _The Reproduction of Mothering_. UC Press, 1978. This is a psychoanalytic account of how boys and girls establish different gender identities. The work focuses on the consequences of the fact that mothering is done by women in our society. This is an academic book, which means its by no means easy-going, and readers who are unsympathetic to Freudian and object relations psychology will dismiss it out of hand. Chodorow's book is really the seminal work on "relational" vs. "instrumental" differences in wo/men--concepts that are core to later writers like Gilligan, etc. Daly, Mary. _Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism_. Beacon Press, Boston. 1978. Includes sections titled. "American Gynecology. Gynocide by the Holy Ghosts of Medicine and Therapy" "Nazi Medicine and American Gynecology: A Torture Cross-Cultural Comparison." Devor, Holly. _Gender Blending_. Indiana University Press, 1989. ISBN. 0-253-20533-6. Examines women who are often mistaken for men and discusses the impact on the women and reviews their childhood. An *excellent* book for anyone desiring to understand the differences between gender, gender roles and gender identity. Fransella, Fay and Kay Frost. _On Being a Woman_. Tavistock Publications, London and New York. 1977. A review of research on how women see themselves. Focuses on what women have to say about themselves, rather than what others say about them. The authors are interested in what it means to a woman to be a women; they also make people aware of the fact that it is uncommon to ask women what they think of themselves. Extensive bibliography. Gilligan, Carol. _In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development_. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1982. Standard, well known text on different modes of moral development between men and women. Widely cited, widely criticized. Gilligan, Carol. "Moral Orientation and Moral development" in Kittay, Eva Feder; Meyers, Diana T., _Women and Moral Theory_, Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa, NJ, 1987. The article discusses the question of relationship between the care perspective and the rights perspective in moral development. Gilligan also continues her research begun in _In a Different Voice_. Golden, Carla. "Diversity and Variability in Women's Sexual Identities" in _Lesbian Psychologies_. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987. p. 28. Graddol, David and Joan Swann. _Gender Voices_. B. Blackwell, Oxford and New York. 1989. In particular, chapter 9, Problems of Power discusses male dominance of conversation in the classroom. Griffin, Susan. _Woman and Nature_. 1978. Author gives a description of the figurines on Freud's study together with ironic comments on his interpretation of myth and irrational "rationalism". It is a contrast of the voices of patriarchy with the voices of women done in a dramatic, poetic style. Harragan, Betty Lehan, _Games Mother Never Taught You_. Warner Books, New York. 1987. Haug, Frigga, ed. _Female Sexualization_. Verso, 6 Meard Street, London W1V 3RH. 1987. ISBN: 0-86091-875-0. Examines the way women are taught to see themselves as 'feminine' through the investment of parts of the body with a whole range of social and psychological significance. Originally published as _Sexualisierung: Frauenformen 2_, 1983. Heatherington, Laurie and Judith Crown, Heidi Wagner, and Scott Rigby, "Toward an Understanding of Social Consequences of `Feminine Immodesty' About Personal Achievements", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 20 (1989) 371-380. Heilbrun, Carolyn G.. _Toward A Recognition of Androgyny_. A search into myth and literature to trace manifestations of androgyny and to assess their implications for today. Horner, Matina S., "Femininity and Successful Achievement: A Basic Inconsistency", in Judith Bardwick, et al, eds. _Feminine Personality and Conflict_. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1970. Johnson, Miriam M.. _Strong Mothers, Weak Wives_. UC Press, Berkeley. 1988. Hypothesis is that the mother's role derives from a position of strength, while the wife's role reflects a position of weakness. Examines socialization and societal construction within this framework. Kundsin, Ruth B., ed. _Women and Success: The Anatomy of Achievement_. New York: William Morrow & Company, 1974. Lorber, Judith and Susan A. Farrel, eds. _The Social Construction of Gender_. SAGE publications, Newbury Park, CA. 1991. Broad collection of writings. "Principles of Gender Construction", "Gender Construction in Family Life", "Gender Construction in the Workplace", "Feminist Research Strategies", "Racial Ethnic Identity and Feminist Politics", "Deconstructing Gender." Masters, William H. and Virginia E. Johnson. _Human Sexual Response_. Boston, Little, Brown, 1966. Debunked the Freudian dichotomoy of vaginal vs. clitoral orgasms. Mednick, Martha Tamara Shuch, Sandra Schwartz Tangri, and Lois Wladis Hoffman, eds. _Women and Achievement: Social and Motivational Analyses_. Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York. Distributed by Halstead Press. 1975. Meyers, Diana T. "The Socialized Individual and individual Autonomy" in Kittay, Eva Feder; Meyers, Diana T., _Women and Moral Theory_, Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa, NJ, 1987. Meyers defends the position exponents of the care perspective can be morally autonomous. Miller, Jean Baker, MD. _Toward a New Psychology of Women_. Second edition. Beacon Press, Boston. 1986. Blurb: On the tenth anniversary of the original publication of this revolutionary book, Dr. Jean Baker Miller reflects on where women are today, addressing both the enormous progress in some areas and the challenges still to be met. Celebrating the questions that have been raised and the actions women have taken, as well as looking toward future change, Miller affirms the strength and diversity of women. Raymond, Janice G. _The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male_. Beacon Press, Boston. 1979. Subjects: Lesbians, sex roles, sex change, medicine (philosophy). Rheingold, H. L. and K. V. Cook, "The Contents of Boys' and Girls' Rooms as an Index of Parents' Behavior", _Child Development_, 46 (1975), 445-463. Rich, Adrienne Cecile. _Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution_. 10th anniversary ed. Norton, New York, 1986. Original copyright 1976. A book with a fine rage against patriarchy and ambivalence toward men, who are its most obvious standardbearers. (Rich recounts how she thought of herself as a fiery feminist until she went to France. When she told one woman their that she had three sons, the response was a contemptuous "Vous travailez pour l'armee, madame?") Riger, Stephanie. "Epistemological Debates, Feminist Voices: Science, Social Values, and the Study of Women," in _American Psychologist_, June 1992. A well-written article: Riger reviews several very important issues pertaining to women and social science (experimental psychology in particular). She calls for "a new vision of the psychological study of women that construes gender as a product of social interaction and links women's agency with the shaping power of the sociocultural, historical, and political context." Riger notes that an extended version of this paper will appear in _Psychology of Women: Biological Psychology and Social Perspectives_; that paper is "in preparation." Schaef, Anne Wilson. _Women's Reality: An Emerging Female System in the White Male Society_. New edition. Harper and Row, Publishers. 1985. ISBN: 0-86683-753-1. From blurb: "_Women's Reality_ is one of the few books that is supportive of women's changing roles without putting men down. It allows men and women to see each other as friends rather than enemies...A brillian dissection of the psycho-social differences between male and female experience." Schaef, Ann Wilson, _The Addictive Organization_. Harper and Row, San Francisco, 1988. ISBN 0062548417. *Schaef, Ann Wilson, "White Male System" Shainess, Natalie. "A Psychiatrist's View. Images of Women - Past and Present, Overt and Obscured," 1969. Reprinted in _Sisterhood is Powerful_ ed Robin Morgan (1970) It references the earlier work of Karen Horney from 1926, and Clara M. Thompson from 1942, which suggests *someone* has been asking questions about Freudian relevance, esp. for women, for a long time. Steinem, Gloria. _Revolution form Within_. This has been panned, and probably misjudged, as a woozy exercise in New Age thumb-sucking, but it is more about developing a good sense of self. A good thing about this book is that it keeps self-esteem firmly in context; she evidently recognizes that it is difficult to feel good about oneself if one has nothing of oneself to feel good about. Stern, Marilyn and Katherine Hildebrandt Karraker. "Sex Stereotyping of Infants: A Review of Gender Labeling Studies", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 20 (1989) 501-522. Ussher, Jane. _The Psychology of the Female Body_. Routledge, London and New York. 1989. Examines the role of the female body in women's identity and experience. the way menarche, menstration, pregnancy, and menopause affect women's lives, the ways the female body and reproduction have been used to confine and control women, and psychological evidence is given to refute many myths surrounding women's bodies. Originally part of Ph.D. thesis. 4. Education. -------------- Adelman, Clifford. "Putting Women's Education to Work Could Enrich U.S. Economy," _Los Angeles Times_, October 28, 1990, Opinion Section. Author is a senior associate in the Office of Research, US Dept. Ed. Fascinating discussion on the US Department of Education's study of the high-school class of 1972. Antler, Joyce and Sari Knopp Biklen, eds. _Changing Education: Women as Radicals and Conservators_. 1990. In particular, chapter 10: The Impact of Higher Education upon Career and Family Choices: Simmons College Alumnae, 1906-1926 deals with working/middle class women vs. elite. Astin, A.W. _From Critical Years: Effects of College on Beliefs, Attitudes and Knowledge_. 1977. Bennett, Sheila Kishler, "Student Perceptions of and Expectations for Male and Female Instructors: Evidence Relating to the Question of Gender Bias in Teaching Evaluation", _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 74 (1982), 170-179. Block, J.H. "Gender Differences and the Implications for Educational Policy," in Block, J.H. _Sex Role Identity and Ego Development_, 1984. pp207-252. Burstall, Sara A. _The Education of Girls in the United States_. 1984. Clarke, Hansen and Michael Meyers. "Should States Support Single-sex, Black Schools?" in _State Government News, 35(1), Jan. 1, 1992, p16. Brown vs. Board of Education / segregation argument. Clark, Shirley M. and Mary Corcoran. "Perspectives on the Professional Socialization of Women Faculty: A Case of Accumulative Disadvantage?", _Journal of Higher Education_, Vol. 57, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 1986. Edwards, Elizabeth. "Educational Institutions or Extended Families? The Reconstruction of Gender in Women's Colleges in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries," in _Gender and Education_, 1990 2(1), pp 17-35. Women's colleges in Victorian Britain. Fennema, Elizabeth, and M. Jane Ayer. _Women and Education_. 1984. Graham, P.A. "Women in Higher Education: A Bibliographical Inquiry," at New York: Columbia University, Barnard College. 1974. ERIC Reproduction Document Service No: ED095742 Hall, Roberta M., with Bernice R. Sandler. "The Classroom Climate: A Chilly One for Women?", Copyright 1986 by the Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC, 1986. Hanzot, Elizabeth. _Myths of Coeducation_. 1984. Harrington, Susan Marie. "Barriers to Women in Undergraduate Computer Science: The Effects of the Computer Environment on the Success and Continuance of Female Students", PhD Thesis, Division of Teacher Education, University of Oregon, 1990. Howe, Florence. _Gender in the Classroom_. Huff, C. and J. Cooper. "Sex Bias in Educational Software: The Effect of Designers' Stereotypes on the Software They Design", _J. Applied Soc. Psych._, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 519-532, 1987. Jimenez, E. and M.E. Lockhead. "The Relative Effectiveness of Single-sex and Coeducational Schools in Thailand," in _Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis_, Summer 1989, 11(2) 117. Compares math achievement. Jimenez, Emmanuel and Marlaine E. Lockhead. "Enhancing Girls' Learning Through Single-sex Education: Evidence and a Policy Conundrum," in _Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Summer '89, 11(2), p117. Figures socio-economic factors into data. Kersteen, Z., M. Linn, M. Clancy, and C. Hardyck. "Previous experience and the learning of computer programming: The computer helps those who help themselves", _Journal of Educational Computing Research_, 4(3), 321-333, 1988. Kierstead, Diane, Patti D'Agostino, and Heidi Dill. "Sex Role Stereotyping of College Professors: Bias in Students' Ratings of Instructors", _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 80 (1988), 342-344. Klein, S.S, ed. _Handbook for Achieving Sex Equity Through Education_, The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1985. Lee, V.E., and A.S. Bryk. "Effects of Single-sex Secondary Schools on Student Achievement and Attitude," in _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 78(5), 1986. One of the more well-known studies. Lee, Valerie E. and Helem M. Marks. "Sustained Effects of Single-sex Secondary School Experience on Attitudes, Behaviors and Values in College," in _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 82(3), Sept 1, 1990, p578. Re-examines subjects of '86 study in college. Lee, Valerie E. and Marlaine E. Lockhead. "The Effects of Single-sex Schooling on Achievement and Attitiudes in Nigeria," in _Comparative Education Review_, 34(2), May 1, 1990, p209. Same conclusions as Bryk & Lee '86 for USA. Leveson, Nancy, "Educational Pipeline Issues for Women", _Computing Research News_, October 1990 and January 1991. McPhie, Laura E. "Viability of Single-sex Education" in _Initiatives_, Falll 1990, 53(3), 23. Describes parallel histories of Amherst & Smith colleges. Marsh, Herbert W. "Effects of Attending Single-sex and Coeducational High Schools: Achievement, Attitude, Behaviors and Sex Differences," in _Journal of Educational Psychology_, Mar 1, 1989, 81(1), p70. Concludes that coeducation and single-sex are same Marsh, Herbert W. "Public, Catholic Single-sex and Catholic Coeducational High Schools: Their Effects on Achievement, Affect and Behaviors," in _American Journal of Education_, 99(3), May 1, 1991, p320. Contradicts Bryk & Lee; single sex = coeducation. Martin, Elaine. "Power and Authority in the Classroom: Sexist Stereotypes in Teaching Evaluations", _Journal of Women in Culture and Society_, 9 (1984), 482-492. Ndunda, Mutindi Mumbua Kiluva. "'Because I am a Woman': Young Women's Resistance to Science Careers in Kenya," in Thesis, Queen's University, Canada, Jul 1990. ERIC Reproduction Document Service No: ED326433. Boys & girls science experience differs in gender related ways Ott, Mary. "Female Engineering Students-- Attitudes, Characteristics, Expectations, Responses to Engineering Education", Final report for NSF grant #SMI-75-18013A01, ERIC Document #ED 160400. Pallotta-Chiarolli, Maria. "The Female Stranger in a Male School," _Gender and Education_ 1990 2(2), pp 169-183. Girls have higher level of gender awareness Riordan, C. "Public and Catholic Schooling: The Effects of Gender Context Policy," in _American Journal of Education_, v5, 1985. Weeds out "the catholic school effect" in data. Rubenfeld, Mona I. "Relationship Between College Women's Occupational Interests and a Single-sex Environment," in _The Career Development Quarterly_, 40(1), Sept. 1, 1991, p64. Sandler, Bernice R., with the assistance of Roberta M. Hall, "The Campus Climate Revisited: Chilly for Women Faculty, Administrators, and Graduate Students", Copyright 1986 by the Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC, 1986. Sandler, Bernice R., "The Classroom Climate: Chilly for Women?", Deneef, et al, editors, The Academic Handbook, Durham: Duke University Press, 1988, pages 146-152. Sexton, Patricia. _Women in Education_. 1976. History of discrimination against women throughout all aspects of academia. Schneider, Frank W., Larry M. Coutts, and Meyer W. Starr. "In Favour of Coeducation: The Educational Attitudes of Students from Coeducational and Single-sex High Schools," in _Canadian Journal of Education_, Fall 88, 13(4), p479. Questionaire based research Sidner, Candace L. "On Being a Woman Student at MIT or How to Miss the Stumbling Blocks in Graduate Education", Unpublished report, 1980. Speck, Phoebe. "Jack Captured the Crown and Jill Came Tumbling After: The Gender Factor in Curriculum Policy..." in Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Apr 1991. ERIC Reproduction Document Service No: ED331189 Role of gender in curriculum development Stables, Andrew. "Differences Between Pupils From Mixed and Single-sex Schools in Their Enjoyment of School Subjects and in Their Attitudes to Science and to School," in _Educational Review_, 1990 42(3), pp 221-230. Polarization of attitudes in mixed English schools. Statham, Anne, Laurel Richardson, and Judith A. Cook. _Gender and University Teaching_. A volume in the SUNY Series in Gender and Society, Cornelia Butler Flora, ed. State University of New York Press. 1991. ISBN: 0-7914-0704-7. Examines university teaching from several perspectives: what female and male professors do in the classroom, their perceptions and feelings about teaching, and how students respond. Stoecker, Judith L. and Ernest T. Pascarella. "Women's Colleges and Women's Career Attainments Revisited" in _Journal of Higher Education_, Jul-Aug 1991, 62(4), pp 394-406. Explores influence of women's college on career attainment Stowe, Laurence G. "Should Physics Classes be Single-sex?" in _Physics Teacher_, Sept. 1, 1991, 29(6), p 380. Tidball, M.D. and V. Kistiakowsky. "Baccalaureate Origins of American Scientists..." in _Science_ 1976, V 193, pp646-652. Tidball, M.D. "Women's Colleges and Women Achievers Revisited" in _Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society_, 1980, V 5, pp 504-515. This is one of the studies that claims the infamous "X% of all successful women came from women's colleges" Vedantham, Anu, "A Hostile Educational Environment", MIT, 6.001, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, in Spring, 1990, Wood, Sherree F. "Educational Access for Women in the United States," in _Community College Quarterly of Research and Practice_, Apr-Jun 1991, 15(2), pp225-233. Compares Bryn Mahr/Wellesley to Oberlin/U of Mich. 5. Feminist Theory and Overviews. ---------------------------------- Bowles, Gloria and Renate Duelli, eds. _Theories of Women's Studies_. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and Boston. 1983. Standard, well known text on feminist research methodology. Begins the debate. Bowles, Gloria and Renate Duelli-Klein, eds. _Theories of Women's Studies II._ Women's Studies, University of California, Berkeley. 1981. Castro, Ginette. _American Feminism: A Contemporary History_. New York University Press. 1990. ISBN: 0-8147-1448-X. From a french point of view, an overview of feminist history and emerging though in the United States. Originally published in French as _Radioscopie du fe'minisme ame'ricain_ in 1984. de Beauvoir, Simone. _The Second Sex_. Translated and edited by H.M. Parshley. Vintage Books, New York. 1989. Original copyright in 1952. Echols, Alice. _Daring To Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975_. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 1989. Covers radical and cultural feminist development. French, Marilyn. _The Women's Room_. Summit Books, New York, 1977. Jove Publications, New York, 1978. French, Marilyn. _Beyond Power: On Women, Men, and Morals_. Cape, London, 1985. Summit Books, New York, 1985. Ballantine, New York, 1986. *French, Marilyn. "Do You Have to be a Lesbian to be a Feminist?" Unions are valid only when both participants are free to make them, and that a woman who is economically supported by a man, whose children are economically supported by a man, whose house is owned by a man, and whose life revolves around a man is bound several ways, whether or not she actively chose that life. The freer she can be, the more powerful her choice to stay with her partner, male or female. Friedan, Betty. _The Feminine Mystique_. Norton, New York, 1963. 20th anniversary edition with new introduction and afterword by author. Dell Publishing Co., New York, 1984. A strong and angry book that stimulated many women who had hitherto accepted their lot into asking whether their lives could be improved. Friedan, Betty. _The Second Stage_. Revised edition, Summit Books, New York, 1986. This book, written 20 years later, advocates partnership between women and men in the ongoing development of feminism. Frye, Marilyn. _The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory_. Crossing Press, Trumansburg, New York. 1983. Grimshaw, Jean. _Feminist Philosophers_ (subtitle: Women's Perspectives on Philosophical Traditions). Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, 1986. ISBN 0-7108-0791-0. Published in the U.S. as _Philosophy and Feminist Thinking_ by University of Minnesota Press. "This book is an exploration into some tensions in feminist thinking and their relationship to philosophy." [from the preface] The book introduces feminist thinking to traditional philosophy, and summarizes the results. Extensive bibliography. Harding, Sandra, and Merrill B. Hintikka, eds. _Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science_. D Reidel, Boston and Holland. Sold and distributed in the USA and Canada by Kluwer Boston. 1983. Harding, Sandra. _The Science Question in Feminism_. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 1986. Critique of "knowledge," centering on three major epistemological approaches, feminist empiricism, feminist standpoint, feminist postmodernism. Harding, Sandra, ed. _Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues_. Indiana University Press, Bloomington; Open University Press, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. 1987. Harding, Sandra, and Jean F. O'Barr, eds. _Sex and Scientific Inquiry_. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 1987. Harding, Sandra. _Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives_. Open University Press, Milton Keynes; Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 1991. Hooks, Bell. _Feminist Theory From Margin To Center_. South End Press, Boston MA. 1984. An excellent survey of different feminist philosophies and their relationships to one another. Jaggar, Alison M. _Feminist Politics and Human Nature_. Rowman & Allanheld, Totowa, New Jersey. 1983. What is human nature? Is there a "feminine" and a "masculine"? Looking at radical, liberal and socialist feminist perspectives in addressing this question. Jaggar, Alison M. and Paula Rothenberg Struhl. _Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations between Women and Men_. Second edition. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1984. A worthwhile though incomplete reader that sorts out various schools of feminist thought. Jaggar, Alison M. and Susan R. Bordo, eds. _Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing_. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey. 1989. Writings on feminist methodology. Koedt, Anne, Ellen Levine and Anita Rapone. _Radical Feminism_. Quadrangle Books, New York. 1973. An anthology of radical feminist work. Komisar, Lucy. _The New Feminism_. F. Watts, New York. 1971. La Follette, Suzanne. _Concerning Women_. Reprint. Series: American Women: Images and Realities. Arno Press, New York. 1972. Originally written in 1926. Espouses individualist feminism. *Leoff, Constance. _Bluff Your Way in Feminism_. ISBN: 8-948456-29-9. Provides an overview of (British) feminism; brief, amusing, occasionally mildly scurrilous, well researched and covers a lot of ground. May be hard to find. McElroy, Wendy, ed. _Freedom, Feminism and the State. An Overview of Individualist Feminism_. Second edition. Holmes & Meier, New York, 1991. Anthology of works by historical feminists as well as contemporary feminists expressing the individualist point of view. MacKinnon, Catharine. _Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law_. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1987. MacKinnon, Catharine. _Toward a Feminist Theory of the State_. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1989. The book, really, is an attempt to answer the question. "What would a form of government which is actively feminist be like?" Here the word 'feminist' is used in the sense of 'radical feminism.' The book and the analysis are definitely influenced by Marxist theory --- indeed the author calls it 'postmarxist'. In the same way as would a similar analysis of a Marxist state, some aspects of the hypothetical feminist state are incompatible with liberalism. Mitchell, Juliet and Ann Oakley, eds. _The Rights and Wrongs of Women_. Penguin, Harmondsworth, New York. 1976. Mitchell, Juliet and Ann Oakley, eds. _What Is Feminism? A Re-Examination_. Pantheon Books, New York. B. Blackwell, Oxford, UK. 1986. Morgan, Robin, ed. _Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement_. Random House, New York, 1970. Morgan Robin, ed. _Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology_. Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, New York. 1984. Pateman, Carole and Elizabeth Gross, eds. _Feminist Challenges. Social and Political Theory_. Northeastern University Press, PO Box 116, Boston, Mass. 02117. 1986. ISBN: 1-55553-004-4. New and established scholars demonstrate the application of feminism in a range of academic disciplines including history, philosophy, politics, and sociology. Raymond, Janice G. _A Passion for Friends: Toward a Philosophy of Female Affection_. Beacon Press, Boston (also Women's Press, London). 1986. Sherwin, Susan. "Philosophical Methodology and Feminist Methodology: Are They Compatible?" in Code, Lorraine; Mullet, Sheila; Overall, Christine, (eds.) _Feminist Perspectives, Philosophical Essays on Method And Morals_, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1988. Susan Sherwin discusses why a paper of hers submitted to the Canadian Philosophical Association was rejected. She concludes feminist methodology is a valid methodology for philosophy. Smith, Dorothy E. _The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology_. Northeastern Universty Press, Boston. 1987. Explication of standpoint epistemology. Taylor, Joan Kennedy. _Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist Feminism Rediscovered_. 1992. "... reclaims feminism from the socialists and collectivists and what Taylor calls the 'appeal of victimization'. 'We feminists who believe in the inspiring history and classical liberal mainstream of American feminism should not give up our claim to the name _feminist_,' she writes, 'any more than institutions supporting limited government should give up their claim to the name liberal.' Taylor scrutinizes and reframes feminism from Mary Wollstonecraft to Anita Hill. I was struck by her generosity of spirit in dealing with the issues raised: most particularly her chapter on 'The Temptation of Political Expediency: Antipornography.' Hers is a thorough and satisfying examination of the attitudes surrounding this explosive issue. And she covers all the potentially divisive issues: abortion, comparable worth, rape, discrimination real and imagined. "Taylor 'holds it important to support the full flowering of the individual life' and calls for the advocacy of individual rights as a proper political stance for feminists." [Andrea Millen Rich] Winders, J. A. _Gender, Theory, and the Canon_. University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. 6. Folklore. ------------- Carter, Angela, ed. _The Virago Book of Fairy Tales_. Virago Press, London, 1990. (American edition may have different title?) A collection of "adult" fairy tales, all focusing on heroines, from all around the world. On back. "This stunning collection contains lyrical tales, bloody tales, hilariously funny and ripely bawdy stories, from countries around the world. And no drippy princesses or soppy fairies. Instead girls, women, crones, wise as serpents, gentle as doves and occasionally daft as brushes." Cole, Babbette. _Princess Smartypants_. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 1986. Children's book, where the princess rejects the prince. Munsch, Robert. _The Paper Bag Princess_. Annick Press Ltd., Toronto, Canada. 1980. Children's book, where the princess rejects the prince. Zipes, Jack, ed. _Don't Bet on the Prince_. Zipes is a folklorist who has collected feminist fairy tales in this book and provided some analysis. Some are entirely new tales, others are new takes on old tales. 7. Gendered Communication and Language. ---------------------------------------- Barreca, Regina. _They Used to Call Me Snow White, But I Drifted_. Viking Penguin/Penguin Books, New York. 1991. Examines the differences in how women and men use humor. The book itself is a very engaging and humorous read. Bratenberg, Gerd, _Egalias_dotre_ (in Norwegian Pax forlag/Ascheroug forlag). It is also available in English: _Egalia's_Daughters_, published in the U.S. by The Seal Press, Seattle, Wash., and in the UK by The Journeyman Press, London. (Also available in Swedish, German, Italian, Danish and Dutch.) The book turns the language and social stereotypes upside down. It is really interesting to see how easily one, as reader, gets used to the "unusual" language. This also illustrates how powerful the sexism of the language is. Cherry, Louise. _Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance_. Teacher-child interaction in pre-schools. Hofstadter, Douglas. _Metamagical Themas: Questing for Essence of Mind and Pattern_. Bantam, New York. 1985. Contains a chapter ("Changes in Default Words and Images, Engendered by Rising Consciousness") with an effective argument for gender inclusive speech. Frank, Francine and Frank Anshen. _Language and the Sexes_. State University of New York Press, Albany. 1983. Lakoff, Robin. _Language and Woman's Place_. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York. 1975. Miller, Casey and Kate Swift. _The Handbook of Non-Sexist Writing_. Second edition. Harper & Row, New York, 1988. A practical how-to book that also contains examples of how "men" has *not* included "women" in recent history. Miller, Casey and Kate Swift. _Words and Women_. Anchor Press, Garden City, New York. 1976. States the argument for gender neutral language much more forcefully. Penelope, Julia. _Speaking Freely: Unlearning the Lies of the Fathers' Tongues_. Athena Series, Pergammon Press. 1990. ISBN: 0-08-036555-8. A radical feminist treatise on all sorts of sexist aspects of language, including but not limited to the discussion of gender inclusive pronouns. Persing, Bobbye Sorrels. _The Nonsexist Communicator_. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 1983. Rothschild, Joan. _Turing's Man, Turing's Woman, or Turing's Person? Gender, Language, and Computers_. Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, Welleseley, MA. 1986. Spender, Dale. _Man-Made Language_. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. Tannen, Deborah. _You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation_. Morrow, New York. 1990. Gender differences in communication, anecdotal. 8. Gender Differences. ----------------------- Benbow, Camilla Persson. "Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents. Their nature, effects, and possible causes," _Behavioral and Brain Sciences_, 11(1988).169-232. Talks about the reasons in variations on math scores between males and females. Her paper is nice in that it also reviews a lot of the literature. Benderly, Beryl Lieff. _The Myth Of Two Minds: What Gender Means and Doesn't Mean_. Doubleday, New York, 1987. Benderly had heard of scads of new research claiming to have proven innate biological differences between the brains of men and women, and decided to do a comprehensive overview of them. She was surprised to find that *none* of this research proved what it purported to. Deaux, K. and T. Emswiller. "Explanations of Successful Performance on Sex-Linked Tasks: What is skill for the male is luck for the female", _Journal of Personality and Social Psychology_, 29 (1974), 80-85. Fausto-Sterling, Anne. _Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men_. Basic Books, New York. 1985. Describes the methods used in research purporting to support intrinsic differences in women and men. Includes a clear explanation of intra-group variability: even if there are more men on the high end of the bell curve in math, the bell curves overlap so much that this makes no significant difference in the amount of mathematical aptitude of the sexes when compared against each other and tells nothing about a given woman and a given man. Frieze, Irene H. _et al_. _Women And Sex Roles: A Social Psychological Perspective_. Norton, New York. 1978. This is a social psychology textbook, and is a handy resource available for debunking all kinds of sexist claims about men and women. Gould, Steven Jay. _The Mismeasure of Man_. Norton, New York. 1981. A lucid description of how researcher expectations can influence experimental findings (gender issues is peripheral, but the analogies are clear). Halper, Diane F.. _Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities_. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdate, NJ. 1986. The author presents the hypotheses and research that point to the roles of nature and nurture in explaining differences in cognitive ability; final chapter has an excellent summary. Holloway, Marguerite, "Profile: Vive la Difference", _Scientific American_, October 1990, 18-42. Kimura, Doreen. "Sex Differences in the Brain," in _Scientific American_ September 1992. Based on her experiments and others', she concludes that intellectual differences in men and women cannot be purely environmental, because of the effects that sex hormones have on brains, even before puberty. Lewontin, Richard, Stephen Rose and Leon J. Kamin. _Not In Our Genes: Biology, Ideology, and Human Nature_. Panthon Books, New York. 1984. The authors are on a mission to dismantle biological determinism entirely, right down to its underpinnings in reductionist materialist philosophy. One needn't agree with them to the same extent to see the validity of the debunking. Check out the chapter on "The Determined Patriarchy." Medzian, Miriam. _Boys Will Be Boys: Breaking the Link between Masculinity and Violence_. It's a fascinating book, and if you're concerned about the problem you should read this. She cites some fascinating studies; for a teaser, let me mention a study by Hilda and Seymour Parker of the University of Utah on child abuse. They found a significant correlation between lack of involvement in child care and nurturance, and child abuse. This supports a major thesis of the book, which is that the willingness to commit unprovoked violent acts arises from inability to connect emotionally with others. Moir, Anne, and David Jessel. _Brain Sex: The Real Difference between Men and Women_. Carol Publishing Group, 1991. This book makes the same assertion as Kimura's article and discusses how the brain of a fetus is "imprinted" with a certain sex based on exposure to hormones at a certain critical time in its development in the womb (about six or seven weeks after conception). It goes on to explain how the brains of men and women actually function differently, e.g., men tend to use the right side of their brain when working on an abstract problem while women use both sides. Montagu, Ashley. _The Natural Superiority of Women_. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. c1952. New Revised Edition, 1974. [Author is male.] From foreword: "This book is designed to bring the sexes closer together, not to set them apart by placing one above the other. If in these pages the natural superiority of women is emphasized, it is because the fact has thus far received far too little attention, and the time is long overdue that both men and women become aware of it and fully understand its superiority." The author makes a distinction between *natural* or biological superiority and social equality of women and men. Petersen, Anne C. "Biopsychosocial Processes in the Development of Sex-related Differences", Jacquelynne E. Parsons, ed. _The Psychobiology of Sex Differences and Sex Roles_. Hemisphere Publishing Company, Washington. 1980. 31-56. Pomerleau, Andree, Daniel Bolduc, Gerard Malcuit, and Louise Cossette. "Pink or Blue: Environmental Gender Stereotypes in the First Two Years of Life", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 22 (1990) 359- 367. Travis, Carol. _The Mismeasure of Woman_. Simon and Schuster. 1992. The theme is that women are criticized for being too female, or not female enough - but are mismeasured - by how well they fit into a male world. Further that the social system dislikes *angry* women, and that men avoid the responsibility for changing laws and economic or political policies that hurt women. Travis takes a thoughtful rather than combative approach and is more likely to poke fun rather than harshly criticize. [continued in part II] -------------- Please mail in comments, additions, corrections, suggestions, and so on to feminism-request@ncar.ucar.edu. --Cindy Tittle Moore "If an aborigine drafted an IQ test, for example, all of Western Civilization would probably flunk." Archive-name: feminism/refs2 Version: 2.2 Last-modified: 15 February 1993 Copies of this FAQ may be obtained by anonymous ftp to rtfm.mit.edu under /pub/usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs2. Or, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs1 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs2 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs3 in the body of the message, leaving the subject line empty. TABLE OF CONTENTS [1-8 in part I] 9. History. 10. Implications of Beauty. 11. Lesbian Feminism. 12. Literary Writings. 13. Media Depiction of Women. 14. Military, Law Enforcement. 15. Patriarchy. 16. Pornography. 17. Positive Children's Books. [18-25 in part III] [continuing from part I] 9. History. ------------ Adamson, Nancy, Linda Briskin, and Margaret McPhail. _Feminist Organizing For Change: The Contemporary Women's Movement in Canada_. Oxford University Press (Don Mills, Ontario). 1988. Blurb: "Beginning with a detailed history of the `second wave' (post-1960), it makes a primary distinction between grass-roots and institutionalized feminism, and by emphasizing the former reveals a part of feminist organizing that has most often been invisible." Anderson, Bonnie S. and Judith P. Zinsser. _A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to Present_. Vols I and II. Harper and Row, Publishers, New York. 1988. Blurb: "...A groundbreaking and controversial history of European women -- the first to approach the past from the perspective of women and to be organized by role." Bridenthal, Renate, and Claudia Koonz, eds. _Becoming Visible, Women in European History_. An anthology going from prehistory to present day. Carden, Maren. _The New Feminist Movement_. 1974. Coote and Campbell. _Sweet Freedom: The Struggle for Women's Liberation_. 1982. DuBois, Ellen Carol and Vicki L. Ruiz, eds. _Unequal Sisters: A Multi- Cultural Reader in U.S. Women's History_. Routledge, New York. 1990. DuBoise, Ellen Carol. _Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America 1848-1869_. Third printing. Cornell Paperbacks, Cornell University Press. 1985. ISBN: 0-8014-9182-7 (trade paperback). Blurb: "...Duboise provides a framework and an analysis which link present concerns with political events more than a century ago, and by so doing illuminates both our contemporary situation and our past. Hers is a rare blend of relevance and solid scholarship..." Eisler, Riane. _The Chalice and the Blade_. Harper, San Francisco. 1987. An interesting revisionist view of history; describes a conflict between "gylanic" (cooperative, giving of life honored, stereotypically feminine) and "androcratic" (competitive, taking of life honored, stereotypically masculine) tendencies in Western history. She suggests that the problem with the latter system is not men _per se_, but the expectation that men dominate women and a few men dominate all the rest. She follows Marija Gimbutas on European prehistory, suggesting that her "Old Europe" was a good example of the former system. Caution: any attempt at finding all-encompassing principles, as she does, is probably an oversimplification. Fraser, Antonia. _The Weaker Vessel_. Vintage Books, Random House, New York. 1985. ISBN: 0-394-73251-0. Blurb: "Fraser gives us life after woman's life in choice and telling detail. This is 'hidden history'...the history of ordinary women, and therefore of ordinary men. As such it is both tantalizingly familliar and utterly exotic, close and yet distant to our own lives." Fraser, Antonia. _The Warrior Queens_. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 1989. ISBN: 0-394-54939-2 (hardback). Blurb: "...Fraser gives us a singularly rich and provocative study of the Warrior Queens. Dramatising the often astonishing ways in which the world has perceived -- and still perceives -- women who wield power, she examines the paradox and the politics, the mythic and the real lives of the sovereign women who have led their nations in war." Gimbuta, Marija. _The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe_. c1974, 1982. Documents Neolithic Europe in detail, describing such things as settlement patterns, burial rites, a sacred script and inferences on its social structure. She proposes that "Old Europe" featured parity between the sexes, lack of interest in warfare, well-developed artistic traditions, and a belief system centered on female generative powers. Gimbuta, Marija. _The Language of the Goddess_(1989) and _The Civilization of the Goddess_(1991). Harper, San Francisco. Expands on the belief system proposed in the first book. Goreau, Angeline, ed. _The Whole Duty of a Woman: Female Writers in Seventeenth Century England_. Dial Press, Garden City, New York. 1985. Heilbrun, Carolyn G. _Writing a Woman's Life_. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-36256-X. Blurb: "With subtlety and great eloquence, Carolyn Heilbrun shows how, throughout the centuries, those who write about women's lives -- biographers AND autobiographers -- have suppressed the truth of the female experience, in order to make the "written life" conform to society's expectations of what that life should be." Hiley, Michael. _Victorian Working Women: Portraits from Life_. Gordon Fraser, London. 1979. A collection of Arther Munby's photography. It was his firm belief that women should be free to take on any job they wished. A fascinating compendium. Karlsen, Carol F. _The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England_. W.W. Norton and Company, New York and London. 1987. Blurb: "A pioneer work in what might be called the sex<ual structuring of society. this is not just another book about witchcraft. Carol Karlsen has uncovered the assumptions, explicit and implicit, that goverened the everyday relationships of men and women in early New England...The 'witches' come alive in this book, not as stereotypes, but as real women living in a society that suspected and feared their independence and combativeness." Miles, Rosalind. _The Women's History of the World_. Perennial Library, Harper and Row, Publishers. 1990. ISBN: 0-06-097317-X. Rossi, Alice S., ed. _The Feminist Papers: From Adams to de Beauvoir_. 1st Northeastern University Press ed. Boston : Northeastern University Press, 1988, c1973. Reprint. Originally published: New York : Columbia University Press, 1973. Women, feminism and history: sources. Rothschild, Joan, ed. _Women, Technology, and Innovation_. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 1982. Includes bibliography. Discusses technology and innovation on the part of women throughout history, with essays on current feminist thought on pedagogy and technology. Scharff, Virginia. _Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age_. The Free Press, Macmillian, Inc. 1991. ISBN: 0-02928135-0. Blurb: "Most men did not want or expect women to drive the new gasoline powered automobiles of the early 1900's. Women took the wheel anyway. As Virginia Scharff explains in this engaging survey, the constraints of gender affected the ways in which women met the new automotive technology but seldom slowed them down. Car culture, Scharff shows with her precise scholarship and thoughtful commentarty, was women's culture, too." Scott, Joan Wallach. _Gender and the Politics of History_. Series title: Gender and Culture. Columbia University Press, New York. 1988. She uses postructural philosophies (Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida - the latter almost considered the father of postructuralism) to analyse Gender and the way that History has been written. She "deconstructs" the texts hoping to find their biases, and so understand why they cannot be "correct," taking the position that history has repressed what it means to be a woman. Sullivan, Sorayan, translator. _Stories by Iranian Women_. Introduction by Fazaneh Milani. Center for Middle Eastern Studies. University of Texas at Austin. ISBN: 0-292-77649-7. Wilson, Katharina M., ed. _Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation_. University of Georgia Press. ISBN: 0-8203-0866-8. Wilson, Vincent Jr. _The Book of Distinguished American Women_. American HIstory Research Associates, PO BOX 140, Brookeville, MD 20833, 1983. ISBN 0-910086-05-2. (100p paperback) Brief but inspiring biographies of 50 (!) women who made names for themselves in fields from astronomy to public health to literature. 10. Implications of Beauty. --------------------------- Brownmiller, Susan. _Femininity_. Fawcett Columbine, New York. 1984. ISBN: 0-449-90142-4 (trade paperback). A mild (for Brownmiller) but earnest book that explores the effect that demands of "femininity" have on women. Freedman, Rita. _Beauty Bound_. Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company. 1988. ISBN: 0-669-11141-4 (hardback). Explores the effects that conventional notions of beauty and womens' efforts to meet them have on women. Wolf, Naomi. _The Beauty Myth_. Chatto & Windus, London, 1991. W. Morrow, New York, 1991. Examines the impact that conventional notions of feminine beauty have on women from a feminist perspective. 11. Lesbian Feminism. ---------------------- Darty, Trudy and Sandee Potter, eds. _Women-Identified Women_. Mayfield Pub. Co., Palo Alto, CA. 1984. Faderman, Lillian. _Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love between Women from the Renaissance to the Present_ New York: Quill (A division of William Morrow & Co.), 1981. Faderman, Lillian. _Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America_. Pharr, Suzanne. _Homophobia: A Weapon Of Sexism_. Chardon Press, Inverness, CA. 1988. If there is anyone out there who *doesn't* understand the connection between homophobia and sexism, I urge that person to read this fairly short book. Phelan, Shane. _Identity Politics: Lesbian Feminism and the Limits of Community_. Series Title: Women in the Political Economy. Temple University Press, Philadelphia. 1989. Rich, Adrienne. _On Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence_. Onlywomen Press, London, 1981; Antelope Publications, Denver Co., 1982. First appeared in _Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society_, Vol. 5, no. 5, 1980. Douglas, Carol Anne. _Love and Politics: Radical Feminist and Lesbian Theories_. Ism Press, San Francisco, 1990. 12. Literary Writings. ----------------------- Atwood, Margaret. _The Handmaid's Tale_. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1986. ISBN 0395404258. Description of future in which women's reproduction is completely state-controlled. Charnas, Suzy McKee. _Walk to the End of the World_. In _Radical Utopias_, Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1990. Charnas has also written excellent young adult fiction (_The Bronze King_, etc). This is an exploration of a post-apolcalyptic world, in which women are blamed for the apocolypse and treated accordingly. Delany, Samuel R. _Triton_. In _Radical Utopias_, Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1990. An exploration of gender and gender roles set in the future. Lefanu, Sarah. _Feminism and Science Fiction_. Indiana University Press. 1989. ISBN: 0-253-23100-0. From back: "Through intriguing literary criticism of the works of writers such as Joanna Russ, Ursula Le Guin, Suzy McKee Charnas, James Tiptree, Jr., and Josephine Saxton, Lefanu explores the ways in which feminsit ideas have been stealthily at work, subverting male authority in one of its strongholds." A penetrating and very interesting book. LeGuin, Ursula K. _The Left Hand of Darkness_. Ace Science Fiction Books, New York. c1969. 29th printing, 1984. ISBN: 0-441-47810-7 (paperback). Constructs a world inhabited by non-gendered people that shift from one sex to the other only for purposes of reproduction. A fascinating exploration of gender, gender roles, and gender identity. Lyrical and well written. LeGuin, Ursula K. _Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places_. Perennial Library, Harper & Row, Publishers. 1989. ISBN 0-06-097289-0. A collection of articles written by the author. Well worth reading. Russ, Joanna. "When It Changed." Originally published in _Again, Dangerous Visions_ edited by Harlan Ellison, in 1972. It was reprinted in _Kindred Spirits_ edited by Jeffrey M. Elliot, in 1984 (Alyson Publications). Also reprinted in _The Arbor House Treasury of Science Fiction_ compiled by Robert Silverberg and Martin H. Greenberg (Arbor House, New York, 1980, ISBN 0-87795-246-9). From introduction in Arbor House edition: "The planet that is the setting for Ms. Russ's story is completely devoid of men, and although this situation has been dealt with in science fiction before, it was usually in the form of 'men to the rescue' and/or a reaffirmation of the 'natural' need of one sex for the other. This is not the case here. The physiological problmes of a single-sex situation have been solved and the social system and the satisfactions deriving therefrom are perfectly logical. Like all fine science fiction, 'When it Changed' has much to tell us about the present." (p 513). Russ, Joanna. _The Female Man_. In _Radical Utopias_, Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1990. This is an extension of the work begun in "When it Changed." Spender, Dale. _Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Novelists before Jane Austen_. Pandora Press, 1986. ISBN 0-86358-081-5. Puts the lie to every thing you learned in high school and university literature classes about how only men create LITERATURE. Tiptree, James Jr. [Alice Sheldon]. "The Women Men Don't See," in Silverberg, Robert and Martin H. Greenberg, eds, _THe Arbor House Treasury of Science Fiction. Arbor House, New York. 1980. ISBN 0-87795-246-9. From introduction: "We listen, but we don't hear. We see, but we don't understand. We reach, but we don't grasp. These human failings are a part of life for all of us and not always because of lack of effort or talent. Some things are mysterious, and life is the richer for it. Science fiction has always explored the things that are not what they seem and the things that are more than they appear to be, but rarely as disturbingly and profoundly as in this outstanding story by 'James Tiptree, Jr' (Alice Sheldon)." 13. Media Depiction of Women. ------------------------------ Mayor's Task Force on the Status of Women in Toronto. _Final Report: Issues: day care, birth control, health care, property law, sexual discrimination, equal pay for work of equal value, advertising--degrading women, affirmative action, political power, recreation, etc. etc. [Toronto: The Task Force] 1974. Adelson, Andrea, "Study Attacks Women's Roles in TV", The New York Times, November 19, 1990, page C18. Courtney, Alice E. and Thomas W. Whipple. _Sex Stereotyping in Advertising_. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. 1983. Edwardsen, Mary, ed. _The Corporate Influence on the Images of Women in Advertising: A Transcript of Public Hearings Held by the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, October 7 & 8, 1976, New York City_. The Center, New York, 1977. Fraser, Laura. "Behind the New Abortion Scam: How the New Right Uses Deceptive Advertising and Heavy-Handed Tactics to Prevent Pregnant WOmen from Choosing and Abortion". _The San Francisco Bay Guardian_. Vol 20, no 39. (July 16-23, 1986). Kilbourne, Jean, Joseph Vitagliano, Patricia Stallone. _Killing Us Softly: Advertising's Image of Women_. Videocassette. Cambridge Documentary Films, Cambridge, MA. 1979. A study of the psychological and sexual themes that pervade today's advertising for products. With a mixture of fact, insight, humor, and outrage, we are shown just how easily we are led astray by these advertisements. Kilbourne, Jean and Cambridge Documentary Films. Producer and Directory, Margaret Lazarus. _Still Killing Us Softly: Advertising's Image of Women_. Videocassette. Cambridge Documentary Films, Cambridge MA. 1987. Discusses the manner in which women are portrayed by advertising and the effects this has on women and their images of themselves. *Komisar, Lucy, "The Image of Woman in Advertising" Schwartz, L. A. and W. T. Markham, "Sex Stereotyping in Children's Toy Advertisements", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 12 (1985) 157-170. 14. Military, Law Enforcement. ------------------------------- The University Conversion Project, in the September 1992 issue, published a 32-page booklet with bibliographies, articles, list of organizations, and organizing ideas pertaining to the links between "Masculinity, War, Feminism and Non-Violence." Articles include "White Men in Ties Discussing Missile Size," by Carol Cohn, "Male Violence and Imperialism," by Lundy Bancroft, "Prostitution and the Military," by Suniti Kumar, etc. The Guide is available for $3 plus $1 postage from UCP, P.O. Box 748, Cambridge, MA 02142. You can get more information by calling (617) 354-9363 from 10am to 6pm. *Edwards, Paul N., "The Army and the Microworld: Computers and the Politics of Gender Identity" Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. _Women in law_. Basic Books, New York, 1981; Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1983. Stirling, S.M. "The Woman Warrior," in _New Destinies_, vol IV, Summer 1988. Baen Books. This is a well thought-out article by S.M. Stirling entitled _The Woman Warrior_. Stirling defends the idea of women serving in the military. This is a response to opinions expressed by editors who had negative comments about female warriors in fantasy stories. Although _New Destinies_ is aimed at science fiction readers, this article is factual and interesting. There is a list of references at the end of the article. McNeil, D. G. "Should Women Be Sent Into Combat?" _The New York Times_, July 21, 1991, page E3. A summary of the arguments for and against allowing women to serve in combat positions. It includes the statistic that even with pregnancy leave, enlisted women spend less time off work that enlisted men. 15. Patriarchy. ---------------- Connel, R.W. _Gender and Power: Society, The Person, and Sexual Politics_. Stanford University Press. 1987. Dinnerstein, Dorothy. _The Mermaid and the Minotaur: Sexual Arrangements and Human Malaise_. Harper & Row, New York. 1976. Examines the roots of patriarchy. Figes, Eva. _Patriarchal Attitudes: Women in Society_. Reprint. Persea Books, New York. 1986. ISBN: 0-89255-122-4 (trade paperback). Examines factors which have placed women in subservient roles in most societies, including Christianity, capitalism, Freud, and sexual taboos. Millet, Kate. _Sexual Politics_. New edition. Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster Inc. 1990 (orig. 1969). ISBN: 0-671-70740-X (trade paperback). From blurb: "With searing eloquence, it traces the evolution of the women's movement starting from 1830, focusing on the profound changes in fundamental values that were -- and are -- its goal. In the tradition of feminist criticism pioneered by Simone de Beauvoir and Doris Lessing, Millett examines four key figures -- D.H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Norman Mailer, and Jean Genet -- to illuminate how patriarchial bias and myth are reflected in the exploitation of women in literature." Perelberg, Rosine Josef, and Ann C. Miller, eds. _Gender and Power in Families_. Tavistock/Routledge, London and New York. 1990. Sargent, Lydia, ed. _Women and Revolution. A Discussion of the Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism_. South End Press, Boston, 1981. Pluto Press, London, 1981. An edited collection of articles on the nature of the relationship between capitalism and patriarchy. 16. Pornography. ----------------- "Dealing With Pornography in Academia: Report on a Grassroots Action", CMU Computer Science Graduate Students and Staff. unpublished, 1989. Baird, Robert M. and Stuart E. Rosenbaum, eds. _Pornography: Private Right or Public Menace?_. Prometheus Books. A wide and relatively unbiased collection of positions on pornography. Chapters are devoted to feminist, religious, and Libertarian perspectives. Some familiar names in the book: Brownmiller, Dworkin, and Steinem, as well as excerpts from the two US commission reports. Ben-Veniste, Richard. "Pornography and Sex Crime -- the Danish Experience." In Vol. 8, USCOP [U.S. Commision on Obscenity and Pornography] Technical Report, 1970. Califia, Pat. "Among Us, Against Us: The New Puritans," in _The Advocate_ (4/17/80, 14-18); reprinted in _Caught Looking_ (recently reprinted) Also. "See No Evil: The Anti-Porn Movement," in _The Advocate_ (9/3/85, 35-39); and "The Obscene, Disgusting and Vile Meese Commission Report," in _The Advocate_ (10/14/86, 42-46, 108-109). Challenges to the well-known feminist anti-pornographic and anti-sex stance. Downs, Donald Alexander. _The New Politics of Pornography_. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 1989. ISBN 0226161625. Explores the contemporary antipornography movement, documents the weaknesses of both absolutist sides of the conflict. Dworkin, Andrea. _Woman Hating_. Dutton, New York, 1974. Dworkin, Andrea. _Intercourse_. Free Press, New York, 1987. Dworkin, Andrea. _Pornography: Men Possessing Women_. Dutton, New York, 1989. Griffin, Susan. _Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her_. Harper and Row, New York, 1980. She contends that There are similarities between the ways men in patriarchal cultures treat "women" & "nature" and alienate themselves from both. Griffin, Susan. _Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature_. Harper Colophon Books, New York, 1982. Kuhn, Annette. _Women's Pictures: Feminism and Cinema_. Routledge & K. Paul, London and Boston, 1982. She feels that soft core pornography is more harmful to societal views on women than is hard core porn (hard core meaning "straight sex" films and not bondage/S&M/rape films). Kutchinksy, Berl. "Towards an Explanation of the Decrease in Registered Sex Crimes in Copenhagen." In USCOP "Technical Review", Vol 8., 1970. Kutchinksy, Berl. "Pornography and Its Effects in Denmark and the United States: A Rejoinder and Beyond." "Comparitive Social Research: An Annual. Vol. 8. Greenwich Conn.:JAI Press, 1985. Stoltenberg, John. _Refusing to be a Man: Essays on Sex and Justice_. Breitenbush Books, Portland, OR. 1989. Stoltenberg speaks to the issues of woman-hating (as a function of training from childhood) and pornography. He is persuasive, succinct, and he succeeds in clearing up a lot of confusion in these areas. Probably the most effective presentation I've seen in a very long time. Biological determinism is laid to waste. 17. Positive Children's Books. ------------------------------- *_From the Mixed up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler_. Strong female protagonist. L'Engle, Madeleine. _A Wrinkle in Time_ and many, many others. [Science fiction] AWIT is a classic. Meg Murray saves her father and little brother from the clutches of IT. Three other books follow this one, and L'Engle has written a whole slew of other children's books. Characters are wonderfully drawn, and females get strong, well drawn roles. McKinley, Robin. _The Hero and the Crown_, _The Blue Sword_. [Fantasy] Set in the ancient kingdom of Damar. The proponents of each book are heroic females who take on the foes of the kingdom. The books start out slow and finish fast. _Hero_ is also a Newberry Award winner. McKinley, Robin. _The Outlaws of Sherwood_. [Mythic fiction] This version of Robin Hood does not romanticize the life of the outlaws. It also gives a much stronger role to Marian. There are all the familiar characters, plus a few other interesting female characters. The Sheriff of Nottingham stays well in the background. Interesting version. Voigt, Cynthia. _Homecoming_. [Fiction] Three children walk across a good portion of America after being abandoned. The oldest sister is the one that pulls them through. [continued in part III] -------------- Please mail in comments, additions, corrections, suggestions, and so on to feminism-request@ncar.ucar.edu. --Cindy Tittle Moore "If an aborigine drafted an IQ test, for example, all of Western Civilization would probably flunk." Archive-name: feminism/refs3 Version: 2.2 Last-modified: 15 February 1993 This posting contains useful feminist references for the newsgroup soc.feminism. Copies of this FAQ may be obtained by anonymous ftp to rtfm.mit.edu under /pub/usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs3. Or, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs1 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs2 send usenet/news.answers/feminism/refs3 in the body of the message, leaving the subject line empty. TABLE OF CONTENTS [1-8 in part I, 9-17 in part II] 18. Public Policies Regarding Women. 19. Reactions to Feminism. 20. Religion. 21. Sex and/or Violence, Sexual Abuse. 22. Sexual Harassment and Discrimination. 23. Test Biases. 24. Women of Color. 25. Women's Health. (Auto)Biographies. Miscellaneous. Acknowledgements. [continuing from part II] 18. Public Policies Regarding Women. ------------------------------------- Abramovitz, Mimi. _Regulating the Lives of Women. Social Welfare Policy from Colonial Times to the Present_. An analysis of the impact of US social welfare policy, documents how the family ethic has been translated into punitive welfare approaches toward women Baldock, Cora V., and Bettina Cass, eds. _Women, Social Welfare, and the State in Australia_. Allen & Unwin, Sydney and Boston. 1983. Dahl, Tove Stang. _Women's Law: An Introduction to Feminist Jurisprudence_. Oxford University Press. 1987. Proposal for a "women's law" by Norwegian sociologist of law. Diamond, Irene, ed. _Families, Politics, and Public Policy_. New York. Longman. 1983. Enloe, Cynthia. _Bananas, Beaches and Bases_. A radical analysis of international politics revealing the crucial role of women in implementing government foreign policies. It deals with several problems, one of which is prostitution especially in asia, and also with regard to US military bases. Freeman, Michael D.A. . _The State, the Law, and the Family: Critical Perspectives_. Tavistock Publications, New York. 1984. A collection of articles, many British, on the interrelationship between the family, the state and patriarchy. Glendon, Mary Ann. _Abortion and Divorce in Western Law_. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA. 1987. Overview and analysis of abortion and divorce laws in several western countries. Gordon, Linda, ed. _Women, the State, and Welfare_. University of Wisconsin Press. 1990. Collection on women and the welfare state. Includes articles by Elizabeth Schneider on rights, and Frances Fox Piven. Hernes, Helga Maria. _Welfare State and Woman Power: Essays in State Feminism_. Scandinavian Library series. Norwegian University Press, Oxford. Distributed by Oxford University Press. 1987. Critique of the patriarchal nature of the Scandinavian welfare state. Mason, Mary Ann. _The Equality Trap_. Simon & Schuster, New York. 1988. Discusses how the push for equality laws has actually been to the detriment of women, particularly in the area of family law. The author is a lawyer. Mueller, Carol M., ed. _The Politics of the Gender Gap: The Social Construction of Political Influence_. SAGE Publications, Newbury Park, CA. 1988. Ruggie, Mary. _The State and Working Women: A Comparative Study of Britain and Sweden_. Princeton University Press. 1984. Pateman, Carole. _The Sexual Contract_. Stanford University Press. 1988. The meaning of the social "contract" for women. Pateman, Carole. _The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism and Political Theory_. Stanford University Press. 1989. A discussion of women's role in the rise of democratic theory. The meaning of consent. Paul, Ellen Frankel. _Equity and Gender: the Comparable Worth Debate_. 1990. Begins by explaining how comparable worth -- or pay equity imposed by law -- is a full frontal assault on the free market by those who scoff at the market's ability to provide justice, and argues that the free market, not the state, is the better ally of feminism. Petchesky, Rosalind. _Abortion: A Woman's Choice_. 1990. Excellent study of abortion politics in America. Examines the patriarchal and capitalist roots underlying the abortion controversy, as well as (in 1990 edition) the meaning of the rights discourse for women. Re-imagining "rights." Tribe, Laurence H. _Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes_. W.W. Norton, New York, London. 1990. ISBN: 0-393-30699-2. Tribe is a professor of constitutional law and brings this expertise to his evaluation of the constitutional question of abortion. Besides drawing a sympathetically balanced view of the two extremes, he shows what that consequences for the constitution would be upon defining a fetus as a "person." Excellent and very readable, unlike many constitutional analyses of any sort. Sassoon, Anne Showstack, ed. _Women and the State_. Unwin Hyman, Winchester, MA. 1988. An international collection of articles on women and the welfare state. Stetson, Dorothy McBride. _Women's Rights in the USA. Policy Debates and Gender Roles_. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, CA. 1991. ISBN: 0-534-14898-0. The author examines the hottest current topics in the US that relate to women, and how the mjor controversies and policies affect gender roles and being female in this country. Wilson, Elizabeth. _Women and the Welfare State_. Tavistock Publications, London. 1977. 19. Reactions to Feminism. --------------------------- Faludi, Susan. _Backlash. The Undeclared War Against American Women_, (1991). Gives an overview of the reaction to feminism in America today. It is an incredible compendium of incorrect facts, bogus statistics, false logic and unfounded theories, all of which which are presented by society and the media in particular as "true" and "factual" in order to keep women subordinate. One caveat about this book is that the author seems unsympathetic to the difficult choices a woman must make if she wants to combine career and family. Kamen, Paula, "Feminism, a Dirty Word", The New York Times, November 23, 1990, page A37. Leidholdt, Dorchen and Janice G. Raymond, eds. _The Sexual Liberals and the Attack on Feminism_. Pergamon Press, New York. 1990. Essays which originated as speeches and panel presentations at a conferences on April 6, 1987, at the New York University Law School. Includes bibliographical references and index. Smith, Joan. _Misogynies: Reflections on Myths and Malice_. Fawcett Columbine Book, Ballantine Books, Publishers. 1989. ISBN:0-449-90591-8. From blurb: "Joan Smith has written a witty and bold collection of essays on the alarming subject of women-hating. She observes the phenomenon wryly and never succumbs to the fatuous generalizations which characterize misogyny itself...Misogyny, unlike sexism, grows in this way behind women's backs, which may be why we sometimes optimistcially believe it is no longer prevalent. It is aptly, intelligently and compassionately put before us again in this well-written book." (Literary Review). 20. Religion. -------------- Adler, Margot. _Drawing Down the Moon_. Revised edition. Beacon Press, Boston. 1986. ISBN: 0-8070-3253-0. This has a chapter on "Women, Feminism, and the Craft". It places feminist wicca in one of its contexts. Otherwise the book is mainly about neopaganism. Armstrong, Karen. _The Gospel According to Woman_. Anchor Books, Doubleday. 1987. ISBN: 0-385-24079-1 (trade paperback). A provocative interpretation of the history of women in Christianity. In particular, there are interesting parallels between the Virgins (who could stay separate from men) of Christian history and latter-day feminists. Beck, Evelyn Torton, ed. _Nice Jewish Girls. A Lesbian Anthology_. Revised and updated. Beacon Press, Boston. 1989. Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schussler. _Bread Not Stone_. Beacon Press, Boston. 1984. ISBN: 0-8070-1103-7 (trade paperback). Feminist biblical interpretation. Greenberg, Blu. _On Women and Judaism: A View from Tradition_. Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. 1981. This discusses conflicts between Orthodox Judaism and feminism, and suggests resolutions of the conflicts within the boundaries of Jewish law. Hampson, Daphne. _Theology and Feminism_. Basil Blackwell Ltd/Inc. 1990. ISBN: 0-631-14944-9. Discusses the limitations of Christianity from a feminist perspective, and suggests ways for moving beyond Christianity. Heine, Susanne. _Women and Early Christianity: A Reappriasal_. Augsburg Publishing House, Minneapolis. 1988. ISBN: 0-8066-2359-4. Documents the strength of influence women had in early Christianity, uses this as basis for concluding that Christianity need not be anti-woman. Originally published in German under _Frauen der Fru:hen Christenheit_. Heschel, Susannah. _On Being a Jewish Feminist: A Reader_. Schocken, 1984. Kaye/Kantrowitz, Melanie and Irena Klepfisz. _The Tribe of Dina: A Jewish Women's Anthology_. Beacon Press. 1989. Koltun, Elizabeth. _The Jewish Woman: New Perspectives_. Schocken Books, 1976. Miles, Margaret R. . _Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the Christian West_. Beacon Press, Boston. 1989. Looks at how images of the female body have shaped and been shaped by religious and social forces. Although most of the emphasis is mediaeval, It has a final chapter that looks at a modern perspective. Has an excellent section on Hildegard von Bingen, one of the few female writers of the middle ages. Pagel, Elaine. _Adam, Eve, and The Serpent_. Random House, New York. 1988. Also, _The Gnostic Gospels_. Vintage Books edition, Random House, New York. 1989. The former is a thorough exploration of how the Genesis myth is inextricably interwined with western culture views of women. The latter shows how the early Christian church although initially receptive to women became patriarchal. Plaskow, Judith. _Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism From A Feminist Perspective_. Harper Collins, 1990. ISBN 0-06-066684-6. Plaskow discusses conflicts between Judaism and feminism, and suggests ways to make Judaism into a feminist religion. Ruther, Rosmary Radford. _Women-Church. Theology and Practice of Feminist Liturgical Communities_. ISBN 0-06-066834-2. This is a collection of liturgies for unconventional purposes (i.e. A Coming-Out rite for a Lesbian). They are not so much pagan as they are feminist. They ignore the distinctions between Christian and non-Christian. The thesis of the book is in part that women should create their own ritual without waiting for the "church" to catch up with their reality. Ruther has written other books with similar themes. Schneider, Susan Weidman. _Jewish and Female_. Simon & Schuster. ISBN: 0-671-60439-2. Sprentak, Charlene, ed. _The Politics of Women's Spirituality: Essays on the Rise of Spiritual Power within the Feminist Movement_. 1982. ISBN. 0-385-17241-9. This is a thick (590pp) sampler with short pieces by a number of important authors. A few are written as responses to others which gives a bit more sense of the dialog. Starhawk. _The Spiral Dance_. 10th anniversary edition, revised. Harper & Row, San Francisco. 1989. ISBN 0-06-250814-8. This has clearly been a very influential book. Z. Budapest is another mother of feminist wicca from the same era; Starhawk seems a bit more readable and less cookbook-like. Stone, Merlin. _When God Was a Woman_. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1976. ISBN: 0-15-696158-X (trade paperback). Historical revisionist view of early matriarchal & female-based worship. 21. Sex and/or Violence and Sexual Abuse. ------------------------------------------ *"Sexual Abuse as a Precursor to Prostitution and Victimization Among Adolescent and Adult Homeless Women." Journal of Family Issues. v12 n3 p361. *"Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis". _Social Problems_ 34, No. 5 (1986) General-social-disinhibition theory is used to model the correlation between sexual magazines and rape. *_Pornography and Sexual Aggression_ Barry, Kathleen. _Female Sexual Slavery_. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1979; New York University Press, London and New York, 1984. Bart, Pauline and Patricia O'Brien. _Stopping Rape: Successful Survival Strategies_. Pergamon Press, New York. 1985. Browne, Angela. _When Battered Women Kill_. Collier Macmillian, London; Free PRess, New York. 1987. Brownmiller, Susan. _Against Our Will_. Bantam. 1975. This is a disturbing, contradictory work. It is misrepresented both by feminist and anti-feminist camps; feminists lauding it as a quintessentially accurate portrayal of rape, the anti-feminists denouncing it as a virulently anti-male piece of propoganda. A landmark work that first documented the social and historical consequences of rape in our society. Caputi, Jane. _The Age of Sex Crime_. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, Bowling Green, OH. 1987. Case studies on murder and sex crimes. Ellis, Lee and Charles Beattie. "The Feminist Explanation for Rape. An Empirical Test," _Journal of Sex Research_, 19(1).74-93, Feb 1983. Abstract. The feminist explanation for rape includes the proposition that it derives from traditions of male domination in social, political, and economic matters. As a test of this thesis, official FBI and victimization statistics on rape were compared across 26 large United States central cities relative to various indicators of these cities' degree of social, political, and economic inequality between the sexes. Of 14 correlations, 4 were significant, 3 with a sign opposite to that predicted by the feminist explanation. When presumed effects of the two strongest control variables were removed by partial correlation techniques, only one coefficient was significant, and it was in the direction contrary to the feminist explanation. Rape rates appear unrelated to inequalities of earnings, education, occupational prestige, or employment. The belief that reducing sex disparities in social, political, and economic terms will reduce rape is not supported. 3 Tables, 55 References. Finkelhor, David and Kersti Yllo. _License to Rape: Sexual Abuse of Wives_. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1985; Free Press, New York, 1987. Gauthier and Saucier. "Preliminary Study of Early Sexual Abuse." Canadian _Journal of Psychiatry_. 1991. v36 n6 p422. (In French) This paper is in french, but they have an English abstract in Medline. They compared sexually abused adolescents with non-abused. From the abstract: "...[of abused children] their perception of self and of the ideal self was not affected by the sexual abuse, a finding that will spark discussion." Griffin, Susan. _The Politics of Rape_. Third revision and updated edition. Harper and Row, San Francisco, 1986. Original copyright 1970. "Another canon in the apologetics of rape is that, if it were not for learned social controls, all men would rape."..."But in truth rape is not universal to the human species." Griffin, Susan. "Rape: The All-American Crime" in _Rape: The Power of Consciousness_, Harper & Row, 1979. Haber, Joel D. "Abused Women and Chronic Pain," in _American Journal of Nursing_, v85, Sept. 1985, pp1010-1012. Study shows that abused women have more health problems than non-abused ones. Jones, Anne. _Women Who Kill_. Fawcett Crest, Ballantine Books, New York. 1981. From blurb: "When battered and abused women began to fight back -- and kill --- men began to fear that this would becom an epidemic. Some felt that women were getting away with murder: But were they? They were not. In fact, in many cases their punishment was harsher than that of men. But this book is much more than a desription of battered women who kill in self-defense. It is a social history and a fascinating story of women on the edge of society -- women driven to kill for a multitude of reasons. Here are tales of crime and punishment that reveal hard truths about American society and women's place in it." Kelly, Liz. _Surviving Sexual Violence_. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis; Polity Press, Cambridge UK. 1988. Kilpatrick, D.G. et al., "Mental health correlates of criminal victimization. A random community survey," _Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology_, Vol. 53, 866-873. 1985. Koss, M.P. "Hidden rape. sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of students in higher education." Chapter 1. In A.W. Burgess, ed, _Rape and sexual assault II_ (pp. 3-25). NY. Garland. 1988. Controversial. This was a study that showed a good percentage of the men surveyed believed certain things could be expected if they paid for dinner, etc. There were questions designed in such a way that would find out if the men had raped without using the word rape. They would answer yes to these questions but no to the questions containing the word rape. McFarlane, Judith. "Violence During Teen Pregnancy: Health Consequences for Mother and Child," in Levy, Barrie, ed, _Dating Violence_, Seal Press, 1991, pp136-141. A study that found 26% of prengant teens were currently in an abusive relationship; many noted the abuse began when the pregnancy did. Mercy JA., Saltzman LE., Intentional Injury Section, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333. May 1989. "Fatal violence among spouses in the United States," 1976-85. _American Journal of Public Health_. 79(5).595-9. Abstract. In this paper we examine patterns and trends in homicides between marriage partners in the United States for 1976 through 1985 using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplemental Homicide Reports (FBI-SHR). We identified 16,595 spouse homicides accounting for 8.8 per cent of all homicides reported to the FBI-SHR during this 10-year period. The rate of spouse homicide for this 10-year period was 1.6 per 100,000 married persons. The risk of being killed by one's spouse was 1.3 times greater for wives than for husbands. Black husbands were at greater risk of spouse homicide victimization than Black wives or White spouses of either sex. The risk of victimization was greater for spouses in interracial than in intraracial marriages and increased as age differences between spouses increased. From 1976 through 1985, the risk of spouse homicide declined by more than 45.0 per cent for both Black husbands and wives but remained relatively stable for White husbands and wives. Demographic patterns in the risk of spouse homicide were similar to those reported for nonfatal spouse abuse suggesting that the causes of spouse homicide and nonfatal spouse abuse may be similar. Morgan, Robin. _The Demon Lover: On the Sexuality of Terrorism_. W.W. Norton and Company. 1989. ISBN: 0-393-02642-6 (hardback). Controversial. Blurb: "Something in each of us, no matter how we deny it and no matter how much we may deplore terrorist tactics, is fascinated by the terrorist. We might even ambivalently admire such a figure: a fanatic of dedication, a mixture of volatile impetuosity and severe discipline, an archetype of self-sacrifice. ...In this brilliant marriage of theory and personal experience, Robin Morgan...sets forth the first feminist analysis of the phenomenon of terrorism." Quigley, Paxton. _Armed and Female_. E.P. Dutton, New York. 1989. Paperback may be ordered from Second Amendment Foundation, 12500 NE Tenth Place, Bellavue WA 98005 for US$5.00, includes postage. Former anti-gun activist tells why she joined millions of other women in choosing a firearm for self-defense. Randall, Teri. "Domestic Violence Intervention Calls for More than Treating Injuries," in _Journal of the American Medical Association_, 264(8), August 22-29, 1990, pp939-940. "Battery appears to be the single most common cause of injury to women -- more common that automobile accidents, muggings and rapes combined." Russell, Diana H. _Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment_. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA. 1984. Russell, Diana E. H. and Nancy Howell. "The Prevalence of Rape in the United States Revisited," _Signs_, 8(4). 688-695, 1983. Lead author is in the Department of Social Sciences, Mills College, Oakland CA, and has written several books on sexual violence. According to survey findings, assuming that the rape rate remains the same, there is a 26% probability that woman will be the victim of a completed rape, increasing to 46% for attempted rape. Seng. "Child Sexual Abuse and Adolescent Prostitution: A Comparative Study." _Adolescence_. 1989. v24 n95(really 95??) p665. Abstract: "...findings suggest that the relationship [abuse>prostitution] is not directed, but invokes runaway behavior as an intervening variable. It is not so much that sexual abuse leads to prostitution as it is that running away leads to prostitution." Scully, Diana. _Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists_. Series: Perspectives on Gender, vol 3. Unwin Hyman, Boston. 1990. Stark, Evan, Anne Flitcraft and William Frazier. "Medicine and Patriarchal Violence: The Social Construction of a 'Private' Event," in _International Journal of Health Services_, 9(3), 1979, pp461-493. A study that found that medical records included the labels "neurotic," "hysteric," "hypochondriac," or "a well-known patient with multiple vague complaints" for one in four battered women compared to one in fifty non-battered women; one in four battered women are given pain medications/tranquilizers as compared to one in ten non-battered women. Strauss, M.A., Gelles, R.J., and Steinmetz, S.K. _Behind closed doors: Violence in American families_. Doubleday, New York, 1980. Followup work "Intimate Violence" (no detailed reference). These studies show that spousal violence levels are relatively independent of gender. They do not, however, include any consideration of motivation or the issues of 'self defense'. Warshaw, Robin. _I Never Called It Rape: The Ms. report on Recognizing, Fighting, and Surviving Date and Acquaintance Rape_. Afterword by Mary P. Koss. Harper and Row, New York. 1988. Wolfgang Marvin E., _Patterns in Criminal Homicide_. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 1958. Also (*Curtis 1974), (*Mercy & Saltzman 1989). The situation appears to bethat the rate that men kill women and that women kill men, and also the rate at which husbands kill wives and wives kill husbands, are nearly *equal* when looked at from a mortality point of view, and ignoring the issue of 'who started it'. Yllo, Kerst, and Michele Bograd, eds. _Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse_. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA. 1988. Includes important discussion of what statistics can or cannot show. Bibliographies. _National Crime Survey_ (NCS) This is an attempt to measure the actual victimization rates of how often people are affected by crimes. The survey is given to a population representative of all people over 12 years of age who live in a residence. There are two parts to the survey. a screening to determine who has been the victim of a crime; and a detailed questionnaire given to victims. The detailed questionnaire includes the details and date of the crime, and helps insure that crimes are classified properly (e.g., crimes falling outside the survey 'time window' are properly excluded). It is a large scale survey, covering approximately 60,000 households with 101,000 people. Approximately 96% of the selected population agreed to participate in the survey. _Statistical Abstracts of the U.S. - 1990_. Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census), put out yearly. Cites the incidence of reported forcible rape as 37.6 per 100,000 total (i.e., men and women) population. _Uniform Crime Report_ (UCR) Based solely on police reports and is not intended to be a statistical measure of victimization The Uniform Crime Report is based on police reports. The data given by the UCR includes _only_ murder, not killings in self defense or deaths due to negligence - and the interpretation of which is which is left to the officer filing the report. _Uniform Crime Statistics_ (UCS, from the FBI) This derives the "one in four" figure given for the rate of rape among women. It used to be "one in five" until the FBI decided that marital rape counted as rape (in the mid 1980s). The FBI's definition of rape involves penetration of any orifice without consent. 1 in 4 is the rate at which girls are sexually abused (rape and molestation); 1 in 6 is the rate at which the same occurs for boys. 22. Sexual Harassment and Discrimination. ------------------------------------------ Baker, Douglas D., David E. Terpstra, and Kinley Larantz. "The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Severity of Harassing Behavior on Reactions to Sexual Harassment", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 5/6 (1990) 305-325. Bem, Sandra L. and Daryl J. Bem. "Does Sex-biased Job Advertising 'Aid and Abet' Sex Discrimination?", _Journal of Applied Social Psychology_, 3 (1973): 6-18. Chestler, Phyllis. [book review in psychology today, statistics on child custody awards] Dale, R.R. _Mixed or Single-sex Schools_. Vols. I & II. 1969. Wide range of research on secondary schools. Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, and William J. Goode, eds. _The other half; roads to women's equality_. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1971. Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, and Rose Laub Coser, eds. _Access to power : cross-national studies of women and elites_. Allen & Unwin, London and Boston. 1981. Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. _Deceptive distinctions : sex, gender, and the social order_. Yale University Press, New Haven; Russell Sage Foundation, New York. c1988. Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. _Woman's place; options and limits in professional careers_. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1970. *Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. "Bringing Women In: Rewards, Punishments, and the Structure of Achievement", pages 13-22. Game, Ann and Rosemary Pringle. _Gender at Work_. Allen and Unwin, Sydney and Boston. 1983. Sex discrimination in employment against women in Australia. *Goldberg, Philip, "Are Women Prejudiced Against Women?", _Trans- Action_, 5 (1986), 28-80. [am not sure what "Trans-Action" is] Gornick, Vivian and Barbara K. Moran, eds. _Women in Sexist Society_. New York: Basic Books, 1972. Kaschak, Ellyn. "Sex Bias in Student Evaluations of College Professors", _Psychology of Women Quarterly_, 2 (1978), 235-242. LaPlante, Alice. "Sexist Images Persist at Comdex", _Infoworld_, November 27, 1989, page 58. Lattin, Patricia Hopkins. "Academic Women, Affirmative Action, and Middle-America in the Eighties", in Resa L. Dudovitz, ed., _Women in Academe_. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1984. 223-230. MacKinnon, Catharine. _Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination_. Yale University Press, New Haven. 1979. MacKinnon, Catharine. "Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law," in _Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review_. Vol. 20, no. 2. 1985. Paludi, Michele A. and William D. Bauer. "Goldberg Revisited: What's in an Author's Name", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 9 (1983) 387- 390. Paludi, Michele A. and Lisa A. Strayer. "What's in an Author's Name? Different Evaluations of Performance as a Function of Author's Name", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 12 (1985) 353-361. Pringle, Rosemary. _Secretaries Talk: Sexuality, Power and Work_, Verso, New York and London. 1989. Sex discrimination and sexual harrassment of women. Rowe, Mary P. "Barriers to Equality: The Power of Subtle Discrimination to Maintain Unequal Opportunity", _Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal_, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990. 153-163. Rowe, Mary P. "Dealing with Sexual Harassment", _Harvard Business Review_, May-June 1981, 42-47. Russ, Joanna. _How to Suppress Women's Writing_. University of Texas Press, 1983, ISBN 0-292-72445-4 (pbk). This book analyzes the multitude of subtle and not-so-subtle ways in which women writers have been given less than full credit for their work throughout history. It is the perfect companion volume to Ellen Moers's _Literary Women_. Sadker, Myra and David Sadker. "Sexism in the Schoolroom of the 80's", _Psychology Today_, March 1985. Selvin, Paul. "Does the Harrison Case Reveal Sexism in Math?", _Science_ 252 (June 28, 1991), 1781-1783. Simeone, Angela. _Academic Women: Working Towards Equality_. Bergin and Garvey Publishers, Inc., Massachusetts. 1987. Sproull, Lee, Sara Kiesler, and David Zubrow, eds. "Encountering an Alien Culture", in _Computing and Change on Campus_. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1987, pages 173-194. Stewart, Elizabeth, Nancy Hutchinson, Peter Hemmingway, and Fred Bessai. "The Effects of Student Gender, Race, and Achievement on Career Exploration Advice Given by Canadian Preservice Teachers", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 21 (1989) 247-262. Sumrall, Amber Coverdale and Dena Taylor, eds. _Sexual Harassment: Women Speak Out_. The Crossing Press, Freedom, CA 95019, 1992. ISBN 0-89594-544-4. ($10.95) Highly recommended. This book consists of short (2-4 pages) essays by women about their experiences with Sexual Harassment, everything from taunts and whistles to rape and other physical abuse. Stories are interspersed with comics drawn by women and some poetry. Many of the stories describe the early conditioning that women receive that makes us put up with so much. The book is dedicated to Anita Hill. Top, Titia J., "Sex Bias in the Evaluation of Performance in the Scientific, Artistic, and Literary Professions: A Review.", Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 24 (1991) 73-106. Weinraub, Marsha and Lynda M. Brown, "The Development of Sex- Role Stereotypes in Children: Crushing Realities", Franks and Rothblum, editors, _The Stereotyping of Women: Its Effects on Mental Health_, Springer Publishing Company, New York. 1983, pages 30-58. Weitzman, Lenore. _The Marriage Contract_. "...child care decisions. Twentieth century case law has established the presumption that prefers mothers as the custodians of their children after divorce, particularly if the children are of "tender years." [Mnookin, "Custody Adjudication," p. 235.] This maternal presumption WAS ESTABLISHED ALMOST ENTIRELY THROUGH JUDICIAL DECISIONS RATHER THAN BY STATUTES. For while most statues have put the wife on an equal footing with the husband, and have instructed the courts to award custody in the best interest of the child, judges typically have held that *it is in the child's best interest not to be separated from the mother* --unless she has been shown to be unfit. [Ibid.] "The child's best interest" has thus evolved into a judicially constructed presumption that the love and nurturance of a fit mother is always in the child's (and society's) best interest. The result has been a consistent pattern of decisions that both justify and further reinforce the maternal presumption.... "Over the past fifty years the assumption that the mother is the natural and proper custodian of the children has been so widely accepted that it has rarely been questioned, and even more rarely challenged. As Alan Roth asserts, many of the rationales offered by the courts for the maternal preference have the ring of divine-right doctrine [Alan Roth, "The Tender Years Presumption in Child Custody Disputes," _Journal_of_Family_Law_ 15, no. 3 (1972)]" "More recently the social science adduced to support the maternal presumption has been challenged, but the presumption itself has been considered wise because it avoids "the social costs" of contested cases. [See, for example, R. Levy and P. Ellsworth "Legislative Reform of Child Custody Adjudication," _Law_and_Society_Review_, Nov. 1969, p. 4] 23. Test Biases. ----------------- Brush, Stephen. _ibid_. When the SAT is used by college admissions to predict academic performance, it underpredicts the grades of women compared with those on men. If a man and a woman have the same SAT scores, the woman will tend to get higher grades in college. Thus an admissions process that gives the SAT significant weight will reject some women who would have done better than men who were accepted. In a reply to letters to the editor in the Jan-Feb 1992 _American Scientist_, Brush wrote: [A]ccording to Phyllis Rosser's study, "The SAT Gender Gap," the following question was answered correctly by males 27 percent more often than by females (a difference of 6 percent is significant to the 0.05 level of confidence). A high school basketball team has won 40 percent of its first 15 games. Beginning with the 16th game, how many games in a row does the team now have to win in order to have a 55 percent winning record? A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 11 E) 15 With a strict time limit, the advantage goes to students who can quickly guess and verify the right answer without having to set up the equation first. Rosser, Phillis. "The SAT Gender Gap. Identifying the Causes," (Washington, D.C.: Center for Women Policy Studies, 1989). According to Phyllis Rosser, much of the SAT gender gap is an artifact of sex-biased test questions. Rosser points out that men have always received higher scores, on average, but their advantage in the mathematics part of the test was once offset by women's higher scores on the verbal part. Women lost this compensating factor in the early 1970s because of the gradual introduction of test questions about science, business and "practical affairs," and the elimination of some questions about human relations, the arts, and the humanities. There was no compensating change in the mathematics section. Block, Ned, ed. _The IQ Controversy_. Information on biases of all sorts found in IQ tests. 24. Women of Color. -------------------- Anzaldua, Gloria. _Borderlands: The New Mestiza = La Frontera_. Spinsters/Aunt Lute, San Francisco. 1987. Anzaldua, Gloria, ed. _Making face, making soul = Haciendo caras : creative and critical perspectives by women of color_. Aunt Lute Foundation Books, San Francisco. c1990. Collins, Patricia Hill. _Black Feminist Thought_. Unwin Hyman, Boston. 1990. Series title: Perspectives on Gender; v. 2. Maps out standpoint epistemology from African American feminist perspective. May also include under feminist epistemology. Davis, Angela. _Women, Race, and Class_. Random House, New York, 1981. DuBois, Ellen Carol and Vicki L. Ruiz, eds. _Unequal Sisters. A Multi-Cultural Reader in U.S. Women's History_. Routledge, New York. 1990. Excellent collection of articles, many historical studies and some narratives. Hooks, Bell. _Ain't I A Woman_. South End Press, 116 St. Botolph St., Boston, Mass. 02115. 1981. ISBN 0-89608-128-1. Examines the impact of sexism on black women during slavery, the historic devaluation of black womanhood, black male sexism, racism within the recent women's movement, and black women's involvement with feminism. The title comes from an address on the subject given by Sojourner Truth. Hooks, Bell. _Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black_. South End Press, Boston. 1989. Moraga, Cherrie, and Gloria Anzaldua, eds. _This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color_. Persephone Press, Watertown, MA, 1981. Kitchen Table Press, New York, 1983. Anthology of writings by women of color. Smith, Barbara, ed. _Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology_. First edition. Kitchen Table -- Women of Color Press, New York. 1983. 25. Women's Health. -------------------- Boston Women's Health Book Collective. _Our Bodies, Ourselves_. Simon and Schuster, New York, 1973. A very practical guide to women & our bodies. Boston Women's Health Collective. _The New Our Bodies, Ourselves_. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1984. Updated. Boston Women's Health Collective. _Our Bodies, Ourselves. Growing Older_. Oriented toward the 40+ crowd. ACT UP/New York Women and AIDS Book Group. _Women, AIDS, and Activisim_. South End Press, Boston, MA. 1990. New book on women and aids and politics. Corea, Gena. _The Hidden Malpractice_. A (sometimes alarmist) look at how medical practices overlooks and mistreats women. Raymond, Janice G., Renate Klein, and Lynette J. Dumble. _RU 486: Misconceptions, Myths and Morals_. Institute on Women and Technology, Cambridge, MA. 1991. Abortion, moral and ethical aspects; medical ethics. Includes bibliographical references. (Auto)Biographies. ------------------ Bateson, Mary Catherine. _Composing a Life_. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-452-26505-3 (paperback, $9.95). Bateson profiles five women in a wide variety of fields in an examination of how their careers happened to develop the way they did. Bennett, Betty T, )Mary Diana Dods, A Gentleman and a Scholar_. William Morrow and Company, New York. 1991. ISBN 0-688-08717-5 (hardcover). Komisar, Lucy. _Corazon Aquino: The Story of a Revolution_. G. Braziller, New York. 1987. Marlow, Joan. _The Great Women_. A&W Publishers, New York. 1979. ISBN: 0-89479-056-0. A compilation of 60 women of diverse ages and nations. Moers, Ellen, ed. _Literary Women_. Reprint. The Great Writers series. Oxford University Press, New York, 1985. Copywrite 1977. Describes women authors. Morgan, Robin. _Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist_. Random House, New York. 1977. Perl, Teri. _Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and Related Activities_. Addison-Wesley. 1978. Miscellaneous. -------------- "Women on the Verge of an Athletic Showdown" in _Science News_, Jan 11, 1992, Vol 141, No. 2, p 141. Female track athletes are improving their performances at faster rates than men and, if the trend continues, should be running marathons as fast as men by 1998, says Brian J. Whipp, a physiologist at the University of California, Lost Angeles. He and UCLA co-worker Susan A. Ward predict that women will catch up with men in most track events by early next century. Adrian, M.J.: _Sports Women_. Medicine and Sport Science Vol. 24 Interesting essays ranging from physiology to Ancient Greece. Chopin, Kate, _The Awakening_. Capricorn Books. 1964. Garrett Press, Inc., New York, 1970. Norton, New York, 1976. Women's Press, London 1979. Cixous, Helene and Catharine Clement. _The Newly Born Woman_. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 1986. (Published in French in 1975). Dyer, K.F.: _Catching up the Men -- Women in Sport_. Junction Books (UK), 1982. ISBN 086245-075-X. This book debunks a lot of myths about female inferiority and fragility by careful investigation and documentation, another must read. Ehrenreich, Barbara and Deirdre English, "For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women", New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1978. |Kramarae and Treichler: _A Feminist Dictionary_. 1985. | Defines many things from a feminist's point of view. Includes | a good deal of history, figures in the movement, etc. Lenskij, Helen: _Out of Bounds: Women, Sport and Sexuality_. Women's Press, Toronto, 1986. ISBN 0-88961-105-X. Very powerful book about the 20th century changes in how female sexuality, gender roles, and the waves of female athleticism have been perceived, and about how these factors influence each other. A must read. Mangan/Park (Eds.): _From Fair Sex to Feminism_. Frank Cass & Company Lim. 1987. ISBN 0-7146-4049-2. |Marine, Gene: _A Male Guide to Women's Liberation_. 1972. Sabo/Runfola (Eds.): _Jock -- Sports & Male Identity_. Spectrum/Prentice-Hall 1980. ISBN 0-13-510131-X. This book also contains several essays on female identity and sports. Steinem, Gloria. _Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions_. _Revolution from Within: A Book of Self-Esteem_ This is a collection of articles and essays written by her that was published sometime in the early 1980's. Some of them are a result of her earlier career as a journalist. The articles cover such things as: * Her becoming a Playboy Bunny (seriously!) in the early 1960's. * The presidential campaigns of 1968 and 1972. * "If Men Could Menstruate", a satirical piece in the vein of "If men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament". * What present-day anti-abortionists have in common with Nazi Germany. Tuana, Nancy, ed. _Rereading the Canon_. Series. Penn State Press. This new series will consist of edited collections of essays, some original and some previously published, offering feminist reinterpretations of the writings of major figures in the Western philosophical tradition. Each volume will contain essays covering the full range of a single philosopher's thought and representing the diversity of approaches now being used by feminist critics. The series will begin with a volume on Plato; other early volumes will focus on Aristotle, Locke, Marx, Wittgenstein, de Beauvoir, Foucault, and Derrida. Inquiries should be directed to Nancy Tuana, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Texas at Dallas, Box 830688, Richardson, TX 75083-0688. |Tuttle, Lisa: _Encyclopedia of Feminism_. 1986. Velden, Lee van der & James H. Humphrey: Psychology and sociology of sport, vol. 1. AMS Press Inc., NY 1986. ISBN 0-404-63401-X. Woolf, Virginia. _Three Guineas_. 1938. Extensively reprinted. Written 50 years ago and sadly still very relevant. Woolf, Virginia. _A Room of One's Own_. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York. 1981, c1957. Winterson, Jeanette. _Oranges are not the only fruit_. Pandora Press (Unwin Hyman Limited, 15-17 Broadwick SAtreet, London). 1987. Acknowledgments. ---------------- My thanks to: Joseph Albert, Leslie Anderson, Rich Berlin, Mik Bickis, Anita Borg, Ed Blachman, Bob Blackshaw, Cindy Blank-Edelman, L.A. Breene, Janet L. Carson, Robert Coleman, Mats Dahlgren, David desJardins, Jublie DiBiase, Jym Dyer, Ellen Eades, Marc R. Ewing, Ronnie Falcao, Lisa Farmer, Sharon Fenick, Bob Freeland, Debbie Forest, Susan Gerhart, Jonathan Gilligan, Thomas Gramstad, Ron Graham, David Gross, Mary W. Hall, Stacy Horn, Kathryn Huxtable, Joel Jones, Bonita Kale, Joanne M. Karohl, Corinna Lee, Nancy Leveson, lip@s1.gov (Loren), Jim Lippard, Albert Lunde, Jill Lundquist, Brian McGuinness, Fanya S. Montalvo, Tori Nasman, Mirjana Obradovic, Vicki O'Day, Diane L. Olsen, Joann Ordille, Jan Parcel, J. Rollins, Stewart Schultz, Mary Shaw, Anne Sjostrom, Ellen Spertus, Jon J. Thaler, Dave Thomson, Carolyn Turbyfill, Sarah Ullman, Max Meredith Vasilatos, Bronis Vidiguris, Paul Wallich, Sharon Walter, Karen Ward, Marian Williams, Celia Winkler, Michael Winston Woodring, Sue J. Worden, and Daniel Zabetakis. Especial thanks to the MLVL library catalogue system. -------------- Please mail in comments, additions, corrections, suggestions, and so on to feminism-request@ncar.ucar.edu. --Cindy Tittle Moore "If an aborigine drafted an IQ test, for example, all of Western Civilization would probably flunk."